{"id":12629,"date":"2021-10-20T01:28:43","date_gmt":"2021-10-20T08:28:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=12629"},"modified":"2021-10-25T06:18:15","modified_gmt":"2021-10-25T13:18:15","slug":"message-of-the-day-122","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=12629","title":{"rendered":"Message of the Day: War, Hunger, Disease, Human Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12635\" src=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-1.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12637\" src=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-3.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12636\" src=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-300x200.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" srcset=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-150x100.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/image-2.jpeg 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 8pt;\"><em>A grave humanitarian crisis is unfolding in Ethiopia<\/em>:\u00a0National Geographic, November 2021 Issue<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;I never saw hell before, but now I have.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>That&#8217;s a line that gets your attention.<\/p>\n<p>Or should.<\/p>\n<p>As we&#8217;ve written about too often, it&#8217;s not easy for issues that should have or would have gotten far more attention not long ago (even if often not to the extent needed) these days. For the purpose of this post, we&#8217;ve commented often enough about why.<\/p>\n<p>Hell, in this case, is to be found in Ethiopia, specifically the state of Tigray.<\/p>\n<p>What an extraodinarily tragic irony that this was the epicenter of the famine in Ethiopia in the mid 1980s which led to the single largest news media focus in history then in the context of world population and communications, starting three days from now on October 23, 1984 with an historic BBC report picked up as the news lead in the US and worldwide for days, weeks&#8211;then months.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=3780\">Leading to Live Aid in July 1985, the single largest media event ever experienced simultaneously globally at that point<\/a> (and in some ways still), which helped further galvanize a movement to end world hunger.<\/p>\n<p>And perhaps even more significantly tied the people of the world together as one in a new level of consciousness.<\/p>\n<p>Great progress. Then great regression. The ongoing dynamic, with arguably an agonizingly slow upward trajectory, but just as arguably a trajectory that moves too slowly to do anything but end in life on earth crashing.<\/p>\n<p>As we said in public service ads at the time, that&#8217;s up to all of us.<\/p>\n<p>To paraphrase the famous line of communal assertion of values, &#8220;So Say We All&#8221;, from the iconic <em>Battlestar Galactica<\/em> multiyear TV series in the 2,000s:<\/p>\n<p>So say we still.<\/p>\n<p>Now, we salute National Geographic Magazine for a critical piece in the new edition that tells the story of one of the many hells on earth that if any of us, or our children, or loved ones were in, every part of us would be screaming to the rest of us on earth&#8211;where are you?<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/culture\/article\/ethiopia-grave-humanitarian-crisis-unfolding-never-saw-hell-before-now-have\">&#8220;A grave humanitarian crisis is unfolding in Ethiopia. \u2018I never saw hell before, but now I have.\u2019&#8221;<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"Byline__ByCopy\">By Bylynsey<\/span><span class=\"Byline__AuthorRow\"><span class=\"Byline__AuthorContainer\"><span class=\"RichText Byline__Author \">\u00a0Addario,<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Byline__Separator Byline__Separator__Text\">\u00a0Andra<\/span><\/span><span class=\"Byline__AuthorRow\"><span class=\"Byline__AuthorContainer\"><span class=\"RichText Byline__Author \">chel Hartigan, Photographs<\/span><\/span><\/span><span class=\"Byline__ByCopy\">\u00a0Bylyn<\/span><span class=\"Byline__AuthorRow\"><span class=\"Byline__AuthorContainer\"><span class=\"RichText Byline__Author \">sey Addario, National Geographic Magazine, November 2021 Issue<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"bp-mobileMDPlus bp-mobileLGPlus bp-tabletPlus bp-desktopPlus no-touch\" data-fitt-page-type=\"article\">\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<div class=\"PageLayout page-container cf PageLayout--desktop PageLayout--article fitt-fade-in\">\n<div class=\"PageLayout__Main\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"\">\n<div id=\"c8e3546c-267f-452f-ac27-8821ee428898\" class=\"StackModule\">\n<div class=\"ImmersiveLeadWrapper\">\n<div class=\"ImmersiveLead ImmersiveLead--desktop ImmersiveLead--dark ImmersiveLead--disable-for-mobile\">\n<div class=\"LeadContent LeadContent--dark LeadContent--textCenter LeadContent--textBottom\">\n<div class=\"LeadContent__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"LeadContent__Header\">\n<div class=\"Article__Headline Article__Headline--dark\">\n<p class=\"Article__Headline__Desc\"><em>Millions have been displaced, thousands killed, and reports of human rights violations are rampant as a civil war escalates in Ethiopia\u2019s Tigray region.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"Article__Headline__Desc\"><em><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Fifteen soldiers raped her over the course of a week, this woman says, and now she doesn\u2019t know where her children are. \u201cWhy is this happening?\u201d she asks. \u201cThis is doomsday for me.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"natgeo-template1-frame-1-module-1\" class=\"StackModule\">\n<div class=\"ScrollSpy_container\">\n<div class=\"Article flex ArticleBodyTile\">\n<section class=\"Article__Column Article__Column--main\">\n<article class=\"Article__Wrapper\">\n<div tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div data-box-type=\"fitt-adbox-pixel\">\n<div class=\"ArticleBodyTile__LeadSeparator\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<header class=\"Article__Header\">\n<div class=\"Article__Header__Meta\">\n<section class=\"Share flex flex-no-wrap Article__Header__Share\">\n<section class=\"Article__Content Article__Content--endbug\">\n<div>\n<p><b>The only roads open<\/b> in the besieged state of Tigray in northern Ethiopia lead to endless tales of darkness.<\/p>\n<p>Along a path on the outskirts of Abiy Adi, in central Tigray, Araya Gebretekle tells his story, tragic in its simplicity. He had six sons. He sent five of them to harvest millet in the family\u2019s fields. Four never came home.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"1\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3d9b111b-f612-4175-bc8a-970ec85c6148\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT16052021_017548.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Soldiers from the Tigray People\u2019s Liberation Front (TPLF) patrol Adi Chilo village in central Tigray, the site of a reported massacre. When Ethiopian and Eritrean soldiers lost a battle against the TPLF in February, residents say, the soldiers retaliated by executing mos&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<p><button class=\"Button--unstyled Truncate__Button\" tabindex=\"0\">Read More<\/button><\/p>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"2\"><\/div>\n<p>When Ethiopian soldiers arrived in the village in February, \u201cmy sons didn\u2019t flee,\u201d says Araya, wiping his eyes with his white headscarf. \u201cThey didn\u2019t expect to be killed while harvesting.\u201d But the soldiers aimed their weapons at his sons, and a female soldier gave the order to shoot. \u201cFinish them, finish them,\u201d she said. The brothers pleaded for their lives. \u201cWe\u2019re just farmers,\u201d they said. \u201cSpare one of us to harvest and deal with the animals,\u201d they begged. The soldiers spared the youngest, a 15-year-old, and executed the others, leaving their bodies in the field where they fell.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\"><\/div>\n<p>Three months later, \u201cmy wife is staying at home, always crying,\u201d Araya says. \u201cI haven\u2019t left the house until today, and every night I dream of them.\u201d He wipes his eyes again. \u201cThere were six sons. I asked the oldest one to be there too, but thank God he refused.\u201d (Ethiopians are referred to by their first names.)<\/p>\n<p>East of Abiy Adi, at Ayder Referral Hospital in the state capital of Mekele, Kesanet Gebremichael wails as nurses change the bandages and clean the wounds on her charred flesh. The 13-year-old was cooking with a cousin in the village of Ahferom, in central Tigray, when her grass-mud home was hit in a mortar attack. \u201cMy house was destroyed in the fire,\u201d says her mother, Genet Asmelash. \u201cMy child was inside.\u201d The girl, already malnourished, suffered burns on more than 40 percent of her body.<\/p>\n<div class=\"EmbedInline\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"4\"><\/div>\n<p>At a women\u2019s shelter in Mekele, a 33-year-old woman recalls being raped by soldiers on two occasions\u2014in her home in Idaga Hamus and as she tried to flee to Mekele with her 12-year-old son. (The names of the rape victims in this story are not being used, to protect their privacy.) The second time, she was pulled from a minibus, drugged, and taken to a military camp, where she was tied to a tree and sexually assaulted over the course of 10 days. She fell in and out of consciousness from the pain, exhaustion, and trauma. At one point, she awoke to a horrifying sight: Her son, along with a woman and her new baby, was dead at her feet. \u201cI saw my son with blood from his neck,\u201d she says. \u201cI saw only his neck was bleeding. He was dead.\u201d With her fists clenched against her face, she howls a visceral cry of pain and sadness, unable to stop weeping. \u201cI didn\u2019t bury him,\u201d she screams between sobs. \u201cI didn\u2019t bury him.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop ImageGroup__Wrapper\" data-bumper-index=\"5\">\n<div class=\"ImageGroup__Images\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"father-daughter-and-women_0\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/fc569da3-b761-4907-ab9b-6d76429fa5e3\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT15052021_015934.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"father-daughter-and-women_1\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/5d597b72-41f2-472d-8eb4-4b1c2f753cfd\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT16052021_017433.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption Caption--hideEndBug\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Left<\/strong>: Gebray Zenebe holds his 15-year-old daughter, Beriha Gebray. She was shot in the face by Eritrean soldiers south of Mekele. It took Gebray two days to find transportation to the closest hospital. \u201cNow it\u2019s the season for planting,\u201d he says, \u201cbut we are sitting here treatin&#8230;<\/span><button class=\"Button--unstyled Truncate__Button\" tabindex=\"0\">Read More<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Right<\/strong>: Abeba Girmay (at center) and Fetlework Amaha (at left) sit on the concrete grave of nine family members and neighbors at the Abune Aregawi church in Abiy Adi. One of Fetlework\u2019s cousins and four of Abeba\u2019s nephews are buried there. The four brothers were exec&#8230;<\/span><button class=\"Button--unstyled Truncate__Button\" tabindex=\"0\">Read More<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"6\"><\/div>\n<p>What started as a political dispute between Ethiopian prime minister Abiy Ahmed and Tigray\u2019s ruling party, the Tigray People\u2019s Liberation Front (TPLF), has exploded into a war with genocidal overtones\u2014a grave humanitarian crisis threatening the lives of millions of people and the existence of Ethiopia itself. Some two million people in Tigray, a third of the state\u2019s population, have been displaced. Millions need emergency food assistance, and thousands have been killed. Yet the full extent of the catastrophe is unknown because the federal government has shut down communications and limited access to Tigray.<\/p>\n<p>By mid-May, when the photographs in this story were taken, the situation had become dire. Most routes north and south from Mekele were closed to journalists and humanitarian aid. A road west was lined with burned-out tanks and looted ambulances stripped of engines and wheels. Patches of towering eucalyptus trees gave way to rocky, untilled fields\u2014and checkpoint after checkpoint manned by Ethiopian troops. Soldiers from neighboring Eritrea sauntered casually through villages. Men, women, and children\u2014civilians\u2014were terrified and traumatized, and praying for those who hadn\u2019t yet made it to Mekele or another relatively safe place. Over and over again, people mentioned countless others who were still in hiding. They feared what was to come.<\/p>\n<div class=\"EmbedInline\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"8\"><\/div>\n<p><b>The fault lines<\/b> of this conflict stretch back decades through multiple regimes, several broken alliances, and one perpetually contentious question: How should Ethiopia\u2019s more than 80 distinct ethnic groups be united into a single, stable country?<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe real political issue in the country is between those who support the unitary state and those who support the multinational federation that guarantees self-rule for the ethnic groups,\u201d says Tsega Etefa, a Colgate University professor born in Ethiopia who has researched ethnic conflict in the region.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"9\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/d3531c49-4d60-4840-88ef-e0894b4b97ff\/STOCKPKG_MM693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT14052021_013581.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Farmer Kiros Tadros plows his land in the southeastern region of Tigray after Eritrean soldiers took the food, livestock, and seeds from his village. They demanded that the villagers not farm, but Kiros has no choice. If he doesn\u2019t farm, his seven children will have nothing to eat.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"10\"><\/div>\n<p>For much of the 20th century, political power was centralized. The last emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie, ruled for 44 years until he was overthrown in 1974 by a group of military officers called the Derg. Led by Mengistu Haile Mariam, the Derg quickly established an authoritarian regime marked by brutal oppression. The opposition, which sprung up almost immediately, rose from ethnic groups, including the Tigrayans, who chafed under the dictatorial control. In 1975 the TPLF was founded as a militia, and it grew to be an especially effective one.<\/p>\n<p>Mengistu\u2019s attempts to crush the TPLF and other rebel groups resulted in a situation reminiscent of what\u2019s happening today: a bloody counterinsurgency leading to a catastrophic famine. From 1983 to 1985 hundreds of thousands of people died of famine in Ethiopia, many of them in Tigray. The counterinsurgency failed: Aided by Eritrean forces, rebel groups from Amhara and Oromia united under the banner of a TPLF-led alliance called the Ethiopian People\u2019s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) and toppled Mengistu in 1991.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"11\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/f15d3316-f8df-4280-990e-5323433c1493\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT13052021_017258.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Orthodox Christians gather to pray at Trinity Selassie Church in Mekele, the capital of Tigray, a federal state in northern Ethiopia. \u201cWe are mourning what is happening all around us,\u201d says Tigist Yohannes, \u201cand we are here to pray and reflect on the deep sadness that has&#8230;<\/span><button class=\"Button--unstyled Truncate__Button\" tabindex=\"0\">Read More<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"12\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop ImageGroup__Wrapper\" data-bumper-index=\"13\">\n<div class=\"ImageGroup__Images\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"Women-barbed-wire-and-Bags-of-food_0\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/9deb6f11-ee18-45d9-896c-c26136b2be4a\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT15052021_014989.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"Women-barbed-wire-and-Bags-of-food_1\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/a768b508-efca-4be7-be1a-e4567a54db8b\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT15052021_015229.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption Caption--hideEndBug\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Left<\/strong>: Women line up behind barbed wire as they wait for food to be distributed in Agula-e. \u201cWe don\u2019t have any food, we don\u2019t have any medication, all our property was looted,\u201d says Salam Abraha (middle). \u201cEvery day, people are dying here.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Right<\/strong>: Bags of food await distribution at this warehouse in Agula-e. Government and aligned forces have looted and blocked tons of food aid from reaching Tigrayans, especially in rural areas.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"14\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/a0bb7e80-d1d6-41ea-bb5a-1ca14d815d8e\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT13052021_013127.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">More than two million people have been displaced by the war. Fifty thousand have fled to Sudan, but most have gone to larger towns within Tigray such as Mekele, the state capital, where they sought refuge in makeshift shelters such as this one at the Maiweini Primary School.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"15\"><\/div>\n<p><b>The EPRDF<\/b> took control of the country and established a system of ethnic federalism dividing Ethiopia into semiautonomous states demarcated along ethnic lines. The bond between politics and ethnicity was tightened.<\/p>\n<p>In practice, power was still centralized. The TPLF, representing just 6 percent of Ethiopia\u2019s population, settled in as the dominant political force in the ruling EPRDF coalition with Meles Zenawi as prime minister. The new government dramatically improved the economy and reduced food insecurity. But, like the regime it had challenged, the EPRDF was repressive\u2014stifling dissent, limiting free speech, and imprisoning and torturing political opponents.<\/p>\n<p>And, like the regime before it, this one was eventually at odds with Eritrea, which had been annexed by Ethiopia in 1962. In 1993 Eritrea declared independence. By 1998 the two former allies were at war over a disputed border, a standoff that lasted 20 years.<\/p>\n<p>Federalism didn\u2019t ease internal tensions either. In 2014 protests erupted in Oromia, Ethiopia\u2019s most populous state, over the government\u2019s plan to seize land to expand Addis Ababa, the national capital. Ethnic Oromos had long felt marginalized and persecuted; the annexation of their state\u2019s territory was tinder to their grievances. The protests spread elsewhere, including to Amhara, where the boiling point was a land dispute with Tigray. After a brutal crackdown and increasing clashes between government forces and ethnic militias, Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn, who had replaced Meles after his death in 2012, resigned. Abiy, ethnically Oromo, took office in 2018.<\/p>\n<p>At first, Abiy appeared to be taking Ethiopia in a new direction. He released political prisoners, removed restrictions on the press, and made peace with Eritrea, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nobelprize.org\/prizes\/peace\/2019\/abiy\/facts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which won him the Nobel Peace Prize in 2019<\/a>. But he also prosecuted Tigrayans and purged them from government, and he reorganized the ruling coalition into a single political party, the Prosperity Party, a move that signaled a return to authoritarian rule.<\/p>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"16\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"17\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/05a020f1-ebeb-44cf-b95f-1a2e797ea340\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT15052021_015278.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Ethiopian troops ride through traffic in Mekele on May 14. They seized the city early in the conflict, forcing Tigray\u2019s political leaders and defense forces to flee into the surrounding mountains. The TPLF regained control of the city in late June.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop ImageGroup__Wrapper\" data-bumper-index=\"18\">\n<div class=\"ImageGroup__Images\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"tank-and-hillside-grave_0\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/3166a811-d8e1-4c09-b2d2-5691422c784b\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT13052021_013127-2.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"tank in the dirt\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"tank-and-hillside-grave_1\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/61311857-60e5-4784-9e1d-de8924c1ba38\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT16052021_017591.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption Caption--hideEndBug\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Left<\/strong>: A tank sits on a road to Abiy Adi, the site of heavy fighting from November 2020 to April 2021. By June, the TPLF had retaken the area.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Right<\/strong>: Villagers claim that 15 people are buried at this gravesite along a road to Abiy Adi.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"19\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"20\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/4459f0f4-2d10-4022-bb93-f6e7baf8c454\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT16052021_018517.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Mulu Werede is among the internally displaced people from Himora, in west Tigray, who are living in a school in Abiy Adi, in central Tigray, after fleeing from violence in their villages at the beginning of the war.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p>Ascendant for nearly 30 years, the TPLF was sidelined nationally after refusing to join Abiy\u2019s Prosperity Party, which it saw as an attempt to weaken the ethnic federation it had created. But the TPLF was still potent in Tigray, controlling the regional government and as many as 250,000 troops. When elections were postponed in 2020 because of the pandemic, the TPLF held Tigray\u2019s regional election anyway, claiming it would be unconstitutional to extend terms of office. The federal government retaliated by declaring the regional government unlawful and threatening to redirect funding.<\/p>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"21\"><\/div>\n<p>On November 3, 2020, the TPLF commandeered a federal military base in what it said was a preemptive strike. The next day, the Ethiopian government launched an extensive military offensive and cut off power and communications in Tigray. Eritrean forces invaded Tigray from the north while militias from Amhara poured in from the south. Both held long-standing grudges against the TPLF: The Eritreans blame the party for their suffering during the war with Ethiopia, while Amharas claim the Tigrayans had used the establishment of ethnic federalism to annex some of their most valuable land.<\/p>\n<p>It quickly became clear that the TPLF wasn\u2019t the only target. Reports of atrocities against civilian Tigrayans are rampant\u2014including rapes, massacres, the indiscriminate bombardment of residential areas, and the flagrant looting of hospitals and health clinics. \u201cThe great majority of soldiers actually feel dirty and ashamed and humiliated by participating in gang rape or massacres,\u201d says Alex de Waal, director of the World Peace Foundation. \u201cSo why do they do it? Well, they do it because they\u2019re told to. When they do it on this scale, it is because there is an order.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"22\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/85e6c707-bedc-4335-8b7a-198326f59a01\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT16052021_017870.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Ten-year-old Desnest Gebreabzgi was wounded when she and other children were playing with unexploded ordnance in her village of Dembela, in central Tigray.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"23\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop ImageGroup__Wrapper\" data-bumper-index=\"24\">\n<div class=\"ImageGroup__Images\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"children-eating-and-baby-on-mattress_0\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/af9e7911-77ef-49f6-85db-3bc60d26e921\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT13052021_013077.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"children eating food out of a pot\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"children-eating-and-baby-on-mattress_1\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/e6e50158-f09a-4ffe-9bd2-3754e0f15249\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT14052021_013705.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"baby with orange hat\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption Caption--hideEndBug\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Left<\/strong>: Tigrayan children eat macaroni off the bottom of a pot at the Maiweini Primary School, where meals are cooked in large quantities for the displaced people living there.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Right<\/strong>: Abeba Gebru gave birth to this baby, her sixth child, after she\u2019d been hiding from soldiers in a cave with only roasted beans to eat. The baby was born malnourished, and Abeba couldn\u2019t produce any milk to feed her. Now they\u2019re both being cared for at a health&#8230;<\/span><button class=\"Button--unstyled Truncate__Button\" tabindex=\"0\">Read More<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"25\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/f41596ef-6e17-44c0-9850-6db4bdb11952\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT17052021_019025.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Genet Asmelash holds her 13-year-old daughter, Kesanet Gebremichael, while nurses treat the burns the girl received when her home was hit in a mortar attack. The pediatric ward at Ayder Referral Hospital in Mekele is full of children who have been injured and maimed in&#8230;<\/span><button class=\"Button--unstyled Truncate__Button\" tabindex=\"0\">Read More<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"26\"><\/div>\n<p>All sides, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/latest\/news\/2020\/11\/ethiopia-investigation-reveals-evidence-that-scores-of-civilians-were-killed-in-massacre-in-tigray-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">including the TPLF<\/a>, have been accused of war crimes, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/04\/15\/world\/africa\/ethiopia-eritrea-tigray.html?name=styln-ethiopia-civil-war&amp;region=TOP_BANNER&amp;block=storyline_menu_recirc&amp;action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;variant=show&amp;is_new=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">witnesses blame Eritreans for some of the worst abuses<\/a>. The woman who was tied to a tree for 10 days says that the soldiers who raped her and murdered her son were Eritreans wearing Ethiopian uniforms: \u201cI could identify them by the cuts in their faces, and they wore plastic shoes,\u201d which Eritrean soldiers are known for. They spoke Tigrinya; Ethiopian troops speak Amharic.<\/p>\n<p>Adiam Bahare, 19, watched Eritrean soldiers kill three of her relatives in May Kinetal, in central Tigray. \u201cThey gathered them along with other men from a nearby village and shot them execution style,\u201d she says. \u201cI was at home, and I heard the gunshots and saw them falling one by one.\u201d She picked up a relative\u2019s child and fled to nearby caves in the hilly region. Eventually she made her way to the Maiweini Primary School in Mekele, which had been transformed into a shelter for displaced people.<\/p>\n<p>Medical centers often aren\u2019t able to treat the wounded adequately because facilities have been stripped bare. \u201cThere were two types of looting here,\u201d says Adissu Hailu, head of the general hospital in Abiy Adi. \u201cFirst the Eritrean troops took what they can. Then this hospital was serving as a military base.\u201d He says the soldiers sold everything, including the refrigerators. When the soldiers left, the hospital was able to reopen, but the staff didn\u2019t have any medical equipment, not even microscopes. Still, the hospital was overwhelmed with patients.<\/p>\n<div class=\"EmbedInline\">\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop\" data-bumper-index=\"27\">\n<div class=\"static--source\">\n<div class=\"ngm-2111-tigray-ethiopia\">\n<div id=\"ngm-2111-tigray-ethiopia_famine\" class=\"ng-graphic-wrap\">\n<div id=\"g-ngm-2111-tigray-ethiopia_famine_ai2html-box\" class=\"ai2html\">\n<div id=\"g-ngm-2111-tigray-ethiopia_famine_ai2html-desktop-medium\" class=\"g-artboard\" data-aspect-ratio=\"1.628\" data-min-width=\"960\">\n<div><b>Meanwhile,<\/b> people are starving.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u201cA total of 5.2 million people, a staggering 91 percent of Tigray\u2019s population, need emergency food assistance,\u201d says Peter Smerdon, a spokesman for the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) in East Africa. Fifty percent of mothers and nearly a quarter of the children whom WFP has been able to screen are malnourished. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/2021\/05\/12\/africa\/tigray-axum-aid-blockade-cmd-intl\/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eritrean and Ethiopian soldiers wield hunger as a weapon, blocking and diverting the distribution of humanitarian aid<\/a>, looting provisions and livestock, and preventing farmers from tending their fields.<\/p>\n<p>Abeba Gebru, pregnant with her sixth child, hid from the violence in a cave where she had only roasted beans to eat. Her baby was born malnourished and Abeba could not produce enough milk to breastfeed. \u201cI was much worried about her,\u201d she says. \u201cI tried to squeeze my breast to get some.\u201d She and her daughter are being treated at a clinic in Abiy Adi.<\/p>\n<p>The war began during harvest season. In May it was time to plant. In a village on the road between Mekele and Abiy Adi, Kiros Tadros, a father of seven, was back in his fields. Climate change had already made the past few years difficult: \u201cIt\u2019s like doomsday\u2014all of this war followed the frozen rains and the locusts.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"29\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/9a1a3b71-8a5d-4e1e-a11b-a8b6a3eeb403\/ETHIOPIADROUGHT17052021_019733_KBG_crop_trio.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=410\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Drugged and tied to a tree, this woman was raped by Eritrean soldiers for 10 days. At one point she awoke to find her 12-year-old son dead at her feet. \u201cI didn\u2019t bury him,\u201d she screams between sobs. \u201cI didn\u2019t bury him.\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"30\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--page-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"31\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/57ea0cec-f1cb-4e1f-a23f-ec88eeb01f6e\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT14052021_014695.jpg?w=1280&amp;h=853\" alt=\"young woman laying in hospital bed\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">This 19-year-old is at the general hospital in Abiy Adi because she is pregnant after being raped by Ethiopian soldiers. \u201cThey did this to eliminate Tigrayans, and for the generations of babies delivered to be Ethiopian, because they don\u2019t want the next generation to be Tigr&#8230;<\/span><button class=\"Button--unstyled Truncate__Button\" tabindex=\"0\">Read More<\/button><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop ImageGroup__Wrapper\" data-bumper-index=\"32\">\n<div class=\"ImageGroup__Images\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"women-with-veils_0\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/1f11cf29-1531-428a-9857-d542269d6fe7\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT18052021_020449.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure id=\"women-with-veils_1\" class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/f84bd17c-fe84-4f21-8790-657e3de390d6\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT17052021_019308.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=839\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption Caption--hideEndBug\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Left<\/strong>: At the center for rape victims at Mekele Hospital, this woman recounted how Eritrean soldiers accused her of feeding and treating Tigrayan forces\u2014her son is a member of the TPLF\u2014and then raped her. \u201cThey took everything,\u201d she says.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\"><strong>Right<\/strong>: Soldiers raped this woman in front of her children. \u201cI told them, \u2018I am HIV-positive. Be careful, please don\u2019t do this.\u2019 And they didn\u2019t care. They didn\u2019t even use protection. They said, \u2018The Tigrayan race must be eliminated.\u2019\u201d<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"33\"><\/div>\n<p>\u201cOur land as well as the mountains overlooking our houses were invaded by Eritrean soldiers,\u201d he says. \u201cThey came to each household and demanded we provide them food, give them our livestock. They also demanded that we do not plow and that we give them information on the whereabouts of the militia.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-ethiopia-conflict-un\/u-n-seeks-access-to-ethiopias-tigray-for-war-crimes-probe-idUSKBN2AW0Z7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United Nations has called for an investigation of war crimes<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/united-states-actions-to-press-for-the-resolution-of-the-crisis-in-the-tigray-region-of-ethiopia\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">United States has cut economic and security aid to Ethiopia, banned travel to the U.S.<\/a> by officials or combatants involved in the violence or in blocking humanitarian aid, and sanctioned the head of Eritrea\u2019s military.<\/p>\n<p>But Tigrayans have mounted the most effective countermeasures. The TPLF is flush with recruits galvanized by the violence against their communities. Twenty percent of the Ethiopian army, and a large proportion of the officers and technical staff, were Tigrayan; now they\u2019re fighting for the TPLF. Battle-hardened commanders, including Tsadkan Gebretensae, a former chief of staff for Ethiopia\u2019s military, have come out of retirement. In June they began retaking large swaths of Tigray, later marching more than 6,000 captured Ethiopian soldiers through the streets of Mekele.<\/p>\n<p>After responding to the defeats with a face-saving unilateral cease-fire, Abiy exhorted \u201call capable Ethiopians\u201d to join militias and defend Ethiopia against the TPLF, which he described as \u201ctraitors that bit the hands that fed them and turned their backs on the Ethiopia that breastfed them.\u201d There are reports of Tigrayans being detained and disappeared and their businesses being closed in cities across Ethiopia.<\/p>\n<p>Still, the TPLF is on the offensive. \u201cYou don\u2019t win wars by mobilizing half a million peasants with small arms,\u201d says de Waal, especially against a force \u201cthat has basically defeated your regular army and captured all its equipment.\u201d The fighting has spread east into Afar, south into Amhara, and west within Tigray to open a supply line to Sudan.<\/p>\n<p>Abiy faces an insurgency in his home state of Oromia. There\u2019s conflict between the Afar and Somali people, between the Amhara and the Oromo, and between the Gumuz and the Amhara and Oromo.<\/p>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"34\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"ResponsiveWrapper\">\n<aside class=\"InlineElement InlineElement--browser-width InlineElement--desktop InlineImage\" data-bumper-index=\"35\">\n<div class=\"CopyrightImage\">\n<figure class=\"Image aspect-ratio--parent InlineImage--image\">\n<div class=\"RatioFrame aspect-ratio--auto\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"Image__Wrapper Image__Wrapper--relative\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/i.natgeofe.com\/n\/eda939fc-f1b8-4044-ba14-9daadffd52c4\/STOCKPKG_MM9693_ETHIOPIADROUGHT16052021_017762.jpg?w=1260&amp;h=840\" alt=\"\" data-mptype=\"image\" \/><\/div><figcaption>\n<div class=\"Caption__Wrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption\">\n<div class=\"Caption__TextWrapper\">\n<div class=\"Caption__Text\"><span class=\"Truncate Truncate--collapsed\"><span class=\"RichText\">Tigrayan soldiers pass wreckage from the war as they travel by foot on a road east of Abiy Adi.<\/span><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div class=\"Image__Copyright\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<p>External forces threaten Ethiopia as well. Sudan seized the disputed territory of Al Fashaga, leading to the eviction of Ethiopian farmers and clashes between the two countries. The fertile borderland, called the Mazega by Ethiopians, is leverage in the ongoing wrangling over the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam. The massive hydroelectric dam on the Blue Nile has raised tensions with Sudan and Egypt, and those two countries have signed a military cooperation agreement.<\/p>\n<div class=\"InsertedAd\" data-bumper-index=\"36\"><\/div>\n<p>The future of Ethiopia is increasingly tenuous. A 47-year-old woman from Inda Silase in Tigray knows what\u2019s at stake for her. She was raped in front of her children by soldiers who told her the Tigrayan race must be eliminated.<\/p>\n<p>Recent TPLF victories can\u2019t erase her pain\u2014or that of all the others caught up in this churn of war. At Ayder Referral Hospital in Mekele, hundreds of women have been treated for rape. \u201cBut the numbers are not telling the reality on the ground,\u201d says Mussie Tesfay Atsbaha, the hospital\u2019s chief administrator. \u201cIf one person has come, another 20 are dead somewhere.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI never saw hell before, but now I have.\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"RichText EditorsNote\">\n<p><em>Pulitzer Prize\u2013winning photographer <b>Lynsey Addario<\/b> is the author of the memoir It\u2019s What I Do. Staff writer <b>Rachel Hartigan<\/b> is writing a book about the search for Amelia Earhart.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This story appears in the November 2021 issue of National Geographic\u00a0magazine.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This story originally published digitally in June, 2021, and has since been updated with more detailed text and captions.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Editor&#8217;s Note: This article previously misstated former Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn&#8217;s ethnicity. He is from the Wolayta ethnic group.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A grave humanitarian crisis is unfolding in Ethiopia:\u00a0National Geographic, November 2021 Issue &nbsp; &#8220;I never saw hell before, but now I have.&#8221; That&#8217;s a line that gets your attention. Or should. As we&#8217;ve written about too often, it&#8217;s not easy for issues that should have or would have gotten far more attention not long ago [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001004,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[54],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12629"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1001004"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12629"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12651,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12629\/revisions\/12651"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}