{"id":12915,"date":"2021-12-27T07:49:14","date_gmt":"2021-12-27T15:49:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=12915"},"modified":"2021-12-27T21:07:26","modified_gmt":"2021-12-28T05:07:26","slug":"desmond-tutu-whose-voice-helped-slay-apartheid-dies-at-90-the-new-york-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=12915","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;Desmond Tutu, Whose Voice Helped Slay Apartheid, Dies at 90&#8221;, The New York Times"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"byline-prefix\">By <\/span><span class=\"css-1baulvz last-byline\"><a class=\"css-mrorfa e1jsehar0\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/marilyn-berger\">Marilyn Berger<\/a>,\u00a0<\/span><time class=\"css-75y64v e16638kd2\" datetime=\"2021-12-26T02:23:57-05:00\"><span class=\"css-1sbuyqj e16638kd3\">Dec. 26, 2021<\/span><\/time><\/p>\n<p><em>The archbishop, a powerful force for nonviolence in South Africa\u2019s anti-apartheid movement, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984.<\/em><\/p>\n<header class=\"css-1aht6cr euiyums1\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"sizeMedium layoutVertical css-1a1lp8y\">\n<div class=\"css-bsn42l\"><picture><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-rq4mmj\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/obituaries\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/obituaries\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/obituaries\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 809w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/obituaries\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-VEQA-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1618w\" alt=\"Desmond M. Tutu at Washington National Cathedral in 1984. The archbishop was a spellbinding preacher, assuring his parishioners of God\u2019s love while exhorting them to follow the path of nonviolence in their struggle.\" width=\"600\" height=\"760\" \/><\/picture><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-13o4bnb e1maroi60\"><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\">Desmond M. Tutu at Washington National Cathedral in 1984. The archbishop was a spellbinding preacher, assuring his parishioners of God\u2019s love while exhorting them to follow the path of nonviolence in their struggle.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Associated Press<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-sklrp3\"><\/div>\n<\/header>\n<section class=\"meteredContent css-1r7ky0e\">\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><a class=\"css-1s5aqv3\" title=\"Read in Simplified Chinese\" href=\"https:\/\/cn.nytimes.com\/obits\/20211227\/desmond-tutu-dead\/\" data-version=\"zh-hans\">\u9605\u8bfb\u7b80\u4f53\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/a><a class=\"css-1s5aqv3\" title=\"Read in Traditional Chinese\" href=\"https:\/\/cn.nytimes.com\/obits\/20211227\/desmond-tutu-dead\/zh-hant\/\" data-version=\"zh-hant\">\u95b1\u8b80\u7e41\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6587\u7248<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Desmond M. Tutu, the cleric who used his pulpit and spirited oratory to help bring down apartheid in South Africa and then became the leading advocate of peaceful reconciliation under Black majority rule, died on Sunday in Cape Town. He was 90.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">His death was confirmed by the office of South Africa\u2019s president, Cyril Ramaphosa, who called the archbishop \u201ca leader of principle and pragmatism who gave meaning to the biblical insight that faith without works is dead.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The cause of death was cancer, the Desmond and Leah Tutu Legacy Foundation said, adding that Archbishop Tutu had died in a care facility. He was <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov.za\/trc\/media\/1999\/9910\/p991021b.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first diagnosed<\/a> with prostate cancer in 1997, and was hospitalized several times in the years since, amid recurring fears that the disease had spread.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">As leader of the South African Council of Churches and later as Anglican archbishop of Cape Town, Archbishop Tutu led the church to the forefront of Black South Africans\u2019 decades-long struggle for freedom. His voice was a powerful force for nonviolence in the anti-apartheid movement, earning him a <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1984\/10\/17\/world\/south-african-foe-of-apartheid-wins-the-1984-nobel-peace-prize.html\">Nobel Peace Prize in 1984<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div id=\"story-ad-1-wrapper\" class=\"css-qlhgae\">\n<div id=\"story-ad-1-slug\" class=\"css-l9onyx\">\n<p>When that movement triumphed in the early 1990s, he prodded the country toward a new relationship between its white and Black citizens, and, as chairman of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, he gathered testimony documenting the viciousness of apartheid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cYou are overwhelmed by the extent of evil,\u201d he said. But, he added, it was necessary to open the wound to cleanse it. In return for an honest accounting of past crimes, the committee offered amnesty, establishing what Archbishop Tutu called the principle of restorative \u2014 rather than retributive \u2014 justice.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">His credibility was crucial to the commission\u2019s efforts to get former members of the South African security forces and former guerrilla fighters to cooperate with the inquiry.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Archbishop Tutu preached that the policy of apartheid was as dehumanizing to the oppressors as it was to the oppressed. At home, he stood against looming violence and sought to bridge the chasm between Black and white; abroad, he <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1986\/01\/07\/nyregion\/tutu-in-new-york-calls-for-economic-sanctions.html\">urged economic sanctions<\/a> against the South African government to force a change of policy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\">\n<div id=\"c-col-editors-picks\" class=\"css-j64t31\">\n<h2 class=\"css-ohexsw\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2016\/09\/01\/world\/tutu-obit-2\/tutu-obit-2-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2016\/09\/01\/world\/tutu-obit-2\/tutu-obit-2-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2016\/09\/01\/world\/tutu-obit-2\/tutu-obit-2-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2016\/09\/01\/world\/tutu-obit-2\/tutu-obit-2-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2016\/09\/01\/world\/tutu-obit-2\/tutu-obit-2-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2016\/09\/01\/world\/tutu-obit-2\/tutu-obit-2-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1024w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2016\/09\/01\/world\/tutu-obit-2\/tutu-obit-2-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"In 1986, he was named archbishop of Cape Town and became spiritual head of the country\u2019s 1.5 million Anglicans, 80 percent of whom were Black.\" \/><\/picture><\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"img-sz-medium css-1l3p632 e1g7ppur0\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\">In 1986, he was named archbishop of Cape Town and became spiritual head of the country\u2019s 1.5 million Anglicans, 80 percent of whom were Black.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Steve Hilton Barber\/Associated Press<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But as much as he had inveighed against the apartheid-era leadership, he displayed equal disapproval of leading figures in the dominant African National Congress, which came to power under <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/12\/06\/world\/africa\/nelson-mandela_obit.html?ref=international-home\">Nelson Mandela<\/a> in the first fully democratic elections in 1994.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In 2004, the archbishop accused President Thabo Mbeki, Mr. Mandela\u2019s successor, of pursuing policies that enriched a tiny elite while \u201cmany, too many, of our people live in grueling, demeaning, dehumanizing poverty.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cWe are sitting on a powder keg,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Although he and Mr. Mbeki later reconciled \u2014 they were photographed together in 2015 as Mr. Mbeki, by then the former president, visited Archbishop Tutu in a hospital \u2014 the archbishop remained unhappy about the state of affairs in his country under its next president, Jacob G. Zuma, who had denied Mr. Mbeki another term despite being embroiled in scandal.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cI think we are at a bad place in South Africa,\u201d Archbishop Tutu told <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/03\/07\/magazine\/07fob-q4-t.html\">The New York Times Magazine<\/a> in 2010, \u201cand especially when you contrast it with the Mandela era. Many of the things that we dreamed were possible seem to be getting more and more out of reach. We have the most unequal society in the world.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Then, in 2011, as critics accused the A.N.C. of corruption and mismanagement, Archbishop Tutu again assailed the government, this time in terms that would have once been unimaginable. \u201cThis government, our government, is worse than the apartheid government,\u201d he said, \u201cbecause at least you were expecting it with the apartheid government.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">He added: \u201cMr. Zuma, you and your government don\u2019t represent me. You represent your own interests. I am warning you out of love, one day we will start praying for the defeat of the A.N.C. government. You are disgraceful.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YZKV-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YZKV-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YZKV-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1024w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-mandela\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YZKV-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"Archbishop Tutu with Nelson Mandela in 1994, weeks before the historic election.\" \/><\/picture><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"img-sz-medium css-1l3p632 e1g7ppur0\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\">Archbishop Tutu with Nelson Mandela in 1994, weeks before the historic election.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Per-Anders Pettersson\/Corbis<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">His words seemed prophetic when, in 2016, an alliance of religious leaders in South Africa joined other critics in urging Mr. Zuma to quit. In early 2018, Mr. Zuma was ousted after a power struggle with his deputy, Mr. Ramaphosa, who took over the presidency in February of that year.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">By then, Archbishop Tutu had largely stopped giving interviews because of failing health and rarely appeared in public. But a few months after Mr. Ramaphosa was sworn in as the new president with the promise of a \u201cnew dawn\u201d for the nation, the archbishop welcomed him at his home.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cKnow that we pray regularly for you and your colleagues that this must not be a false dawn,\u201d Archbishop Tutu <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.news24.com\/SouthAfrica\/News\/watch-i-am-sorry-ramaphosa-apologises-to-tutu-20180531\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">warned<\/a> Mr. Ramaphosa.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">At that time, support for the African National Congress had declined, even though it remained the country\u2019s biggest political party. In <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/08\/06\/world\/africa\/south-africa-election-anc.html\">elections in 2016<\/a>, while still under the leadership of Mr. Zuma, the party\u2019s share of the vote slipped to its lowest level since the end of apartheid. Mr. Ramaphosa struggled to reverse that trend, but earned some praise later for his robust handling of the coronavirus crisis.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"link-63501a60\" class=\"css-1aoo5yy eoo0vm40\">A Global Celebrity<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">For much of his life, Archbishop Tutu was a spellbinding preacher, his voice by turns sonorous and high-pitched. He often descended from the pulpit to embrace his parishioners. Occasionally he would break into a pixielike dance in the aisles, punctuating his message with the wit and the chuckling that became his hallmark, inviting his audience into a jubilant bond of fellowship. While assuring his parishioners of God\u2019s love, he exhorted them to follow the path of nonviolence in their struggle.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Politics were inherent in his religious teachings. \u201cWe had the land, and they had the Bible,\u201d he said in one of his parables. \u201cThen they said, \u2018Let us pray,\u2019 and we closed our eyes. When we opened them again, they had the land and we had the Bible. Maybe we got the better end of the deal.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">His moral leadership, combined with his winning effervescence, made him something of a global celebrity. He was photographed at glittering social functions, appeared in documentaries and chatted with talk-show hosts. Even in late 2015, when his health seemed poor, he met with Prince Harry of Britain, who presented him with an honor on behalf of Queen Elizabeth II.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div id=\"story-ad-4-wrapper\" class=\"css-1r07izm\">\n<div id=\"story-ad-4-slug\" class=\"css-l9onyx\">\n<p>A compact, restless man \u2014 for many years he kept fit by jogging at 4:30 every morning \u2014 Archbishop Tutu had piercing eyes that were barely concealed by rimless glasses. When he traveled abroad, he cut a handsome figure in his well-tailored gray suit over a magenta shirt with a white clerical collar.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-z3e15g\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper-hidden\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 684w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-QWO3-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1368w\" alt=\"Archbishop Tutu on the steps of New York\u2019s City Hall in 1986, weeks before a planned anti-apartheid rally. Behind him are Cleveland Robinson, a leader of the protest, and Bella Abzug, the former congresswoman.\" \/><\/picture><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"img-sz-medium css-3mi1lt e1g7ppur0\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\">Archbishop Tutu on the steps of New York\u2019s City Hall in 1986, weeks before a planned anti-apartheid rally. Behind him are Cleveland Robinson, a leader of the protest, and Bella Abzug, the former congresswoman.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Chester Higgins, Jr.\/The New York Times<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Apparently convinced of the virtues of modesty, he never seemed to accustom himself to the perquisites of fame and high office. He was unfailingly on time, always expressed appreciation to the bellhops and maids sent to wait on him, and was uncomfortable with limousines and police escorts.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cYou know, back home, when you hear a police siren, you figure that they are coming to get you,\u201d he once told a reporter from The Washington Post. \u201cIt still makes me a bit nervous riding with them.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Although Archbishop Tutu, like other Black South Africans of his era, had suffered through the horrors and indignities of apartheid, he did not allow himself to hate his enemies. When he was young, he said, he was fortunate in the white priests that he knew, and throughout the long struggle against apartheid he remained an optimist. \u201cJustice, goodness, love, compassion must prevail,\u201d he said during a visit to New York in 1990. \u201cFreedom is breaking out. Freedom is coming.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">He coined the phrase \u201crainbow nation\u201d to describe the new South Africa emerging into democracy, and called for vigorous debate among all races.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Archbishop Tutu had always said that he was a priest, not a politician, and that when the real leaders of the movement against apartheid returned from jail or exile he would serve as its chaplain. While he acknowledged that there was a political role for the church, he prohibited ordained clergy from belonging to any political party.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In 1989, after President F.W. de Klerk had at last started to dismantle apartheid, Archbishop Tutu stepped aside, handing the leadership of the struggle back to Mr. Mandela on his release from prison in 1990.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But Archbishop Tutu did not stay entirely out of the nation\u2019s business. \u201cWe\u2019ve struggled to get these guys where they are, and we\u2019re not going to let them fail,\u201d he said. \u201cWe didn\u2019t swallow all that tear gas, and be chased around and be sent to jail and into exile and killed, for failure.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"link-207eac03\" class=\"css-1aoo5yy eoo0vm40\">From Teacher to Preacher<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Desmond Mpilo Tutu was born on Oct. 7, 1931, in Klerksdorp, on the Witwatersrand in what is now the North West Province of South Africa. His mother, Aletha, was a domestic worker; his father, Zachariah, taught at a Methodist school. The young Desmond was baptized a Methodist, but the entire family later joined the Anglican Church. When he was 12 the family moved to Johannesburg, where his mother found work as a cook in a school for the blind.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">While he never forgot his father\u2019s shame when a white policeman called him \u201cboy\u201d in front of his son, he was even more deeply affected when a white man in a priest\u2019s robe tipped his hat to his mother, he said.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The white man was the <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/04\/21\/world\/archbishop-trevor-huddleston-84-dies-fought-apartheid-from-its-earliest-days.html\">Rev. Trevor Huddleston<\/a>, a prominent campaigner against apartheid. When Desmond was hospitalized with tuberculosis, Father Huddleston visited him almost every day. \u201cThis little boy very well could have died,\u201d Father Huddleston <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/archive\/lifestyle\/magazine\/1986\/02\/16\/desmond-tutu\/3fc3da7f-4926-44cf-896a-5d1bf7f00206\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told an interviewer <\/a>many years later, \u201cbut he didn\u2019t give up, and he never lost his glorious sense of humor.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">After his recovery, Desmond wanted to become a doctor, but his family could not afford the school fees. Instead he became a teacher, studying at the Pretoria Bantu Normal College and earning a bachelor\u2019s degree from the University of South Africa. He taught high school for three years but resigned to protest the Bantu Education Act, which lowered education standards for Black students.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-wife\/Tutu-Desmond-wife-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-wife\/Tutu-Desmond-wife-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-wife\/Tutu-Desmond-wife-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-wife\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YPDZ-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-wife\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YPDZ-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-wife\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YPDZ-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1024w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-wife\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-YPDZ-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"Then-Bishop Tutu and his wife, Nomalizo Leah Tutu, at the General Theological Seminary in New York in 1984.\" \/><\/picture><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"img-sz-medium css-1l3p632 e1g7ppur0\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\">Then-Bishop Tutu and his wife, Nomalizo Leah Tutu, at the General Theological Seminary in New York in 1984.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Don Hogan Charles\/The New York Times<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">By then he was married to Nomalizo Leah Shenxane, a major influence in his life; the couple celebrated 60 years of marriage by publicly renewing their wedding vows in July 2015. She survives him, as do their four children: a son, Trevor Thamsanqa Tutu, and three daughters, Theresa Thandeka Tutu, Naomi Nontombi Tutu and Mpho Tutu van Furth, as well as seven grandchildren.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Archbishop Tutu turned to the ministry, he said, because he thought it could provide \u201ca likely means of service.\u201d He studied at St. Peter\u2019s Theological College in Johannesburg and was ordained an Anglican priest at St. Mary\u2019s Cathedral in December 1961, less than two years after protests convulsed the town of Sharpeville, 40 miles from Johannesburg.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">After serving in local churches, he studied in England, where he earned a bachelor of divinity degree and a master\u2019s in theology from King\u2019s College in London. When he returned to South Africa he was a lecturer, and from 1972 to 1975 he served as associate director of the Theological Education Fund, traveling widely in Asia and Africa and administering scholarships for the World Council of Churches.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-1976\/Tutu-Desmond-1976-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-1976\/Tutu-Desmond-1976-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-1976\/Tutu-Desmond-1976-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-1976\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-KCJY-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-1976\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-KCJY-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-1976\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-KCJY-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1024w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-1976\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-KCJY-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"With a group of children in 1976, the year he was consecrated bishop of Lesotho.\" \/><\/picture><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"img-sz-medium css-1l3p632 e1g7ppur0\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\">With a group of children in 1976, the year he was consecrated bishop of Lesotho.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Rex Feature, via Associated Press<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">He was named Anglican dean of Johannesburg in 1975 and consecrated bishop of Lesotho the next year. In 1978 he became the first Black general secretary of the South African Council of Churches, and began to establish the organization as a major force in the movement against apartheid.Under Bishop Tutu\u2019s leadership, the council established scholarships for Black youths and organized self-help programs in Black townships. There were also more controversial programs: Lawyers were hired to represent Black defendants on trial under the security laws, and support was provided for the families of those detained without trial.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">As bishop, he spoke out against the establishment of tribal \u201chomelands\u201d and used the council as a platform to urge foreign investors to pull out of South Africa.<\/p>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">A month after he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984, Desmond Tutu became the <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1984\/11\/14\/world\/tutu-elected-first-black-bishop-of-johannesburg.html\">first Anglican bishop of Johannesburg<\/a>when the national church hierarchy intervened to break a deadlock between Black and white electors. He was named <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1986\/04\/15\/world\/anglicans-elect-tutu-as-archbishop.html\">archbishop of Cape Town<\/a> in 1986, becoming spiritual head of the country\u2019s 1.5 million Anglicans, 80 percent of whom were Black.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">He preached forbearance but, as he insisted to The Christian Century magazine in 1980, \u201cI am a man of peace, but not a pacifist.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In an interview in the early 1980s, he said: \u201cBlacks don\u2019t believe that they are introducing violence into the situation. They believe that the situation is already violent.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cI will never tell someone to pick up a gun,\u201d he said in another interview \u201cBut I will pray for the man who picks up the gun, pray that he will be less cruel than he might otherwise have been, because he is a member of the community. We are going to have to decide: If this civil war escalates, what is our ministry going to be?\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">He demonstrated his personal bravery in 1985 when, still a bishop, he helped to rescue a Black police informer from a mob in Duduza, a South African township.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Archbishop Tutu also spoke out against <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1986\/12\/26\/world\/tutu-is-urging-us-to-alter-policy-on-apartheid.html\">President Ronald Reagan\u2019s policy of \u201cconstructive engagement,\u201d<\/a> which was intended to show impartiality in South African domestic affairs for what were said to be strategic purposes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cTo be impartial,\u201d he said, \u201cis indeed to have taken sides already with the status quo. How are you to remain impartial when the South African authorities evict helpless mothers and children and let them shiver in the winter rain?\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">He remained equally outspoken even in later years. In 2003 he criticized his own government for backing Zimbabwe\u2019s president, Robert Mugabe, who had a long record of human rights abuses.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In 2010 he unsuccessfully urged a touring Cape Town opera company <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com\/2010\/10\/26\/tutu-urges-south-african-opera-company-not-to-perform-in-israel\/\">not to perform in Israel<\/a>, invoking South Africa\u2019s struggle against apartheid in criticizing Israel\u2019s policy toward Palestinians. He said that the company\u2019s production of \u201cPorgy and Bess\u201d should be postponed \u201cuntil both Israeli and Palestinian opera lovers of the region have equal opportunity and unfettered access to attend performances.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"link-279e536d\" class=\"css-1aoo5yy eoo0vm40\">Man of Forgiveness<\/h2>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Archbishop Tutu was the author of many books, including collections of his sermons and addresses, illustrated children\u2019s books and forward-looking works about South Africa like \u201cGod Has a Dream: A Vision of Hope for Our Time\u201d (2004) and \u201cMade for Goodness\u201d (2010), which he wrote with his daughter Mpho, an Episcopal priest. (She was forced to give up her priest\u2019s license in South Africa after marrying a woman.)<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">On his frequent trips abroad during the apartheid era, Archbishop Tutu never stopped pressing the case for sanctions against South Africa. The government struck back and twice revoked his passport, forcing him to travel with a document that described his citizenship as \u201cundetermined.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But as the author of a 1999 book titled \u201cNo Future Without Forgiveness,\u201d he was generous in forgiving his enemies, and when the de Klerk government took steps in 1989 toward ending apartheid, Archbishop Tutu was among the first to welcome the prospect of change.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cAn extraordinary thing has happened in South Africa,\u201d he said in 1990,\u201cand it is undoubtedly due to the courage of President de Klerk. We\u2019ve got someone here who is greater than we expected. At some points we had to pinch ourselves to be sure we were seeing what we were seeing.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Still, when the <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2003\/03\/22\/world\/south-african-commission-ends-its-work.html\">Truth and Reconciliation Commission issued its final findings in 2003<\/a>, Archbishop Tutu\u2019s imprint was plain. It warned the government against issuing a blanket amnesty to perpetrators of the crimes of apartheid and urged businesses to join with the government in delivering reparations to the millions of Black people victimized by the former white minority government.<\/p>\n<section class=\"meteredContent css-1r7ky0e\">\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">The report further said that Mr. de Klerk had knowingly withheld information from the commission about state-sponsored violations, and it reiterated charges against the Zulu-based Inkatha Freedom Party, South Africa\u2019s second-largest Black party, accusing it of having collaborated with white supremacists in the massacre of hundreds of people in the early 1990s.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Archbishop Tutu <a class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/07\/23\/world\/africa\/23tutu.html\">officially retired from public duties in 2010<\/a>. One of his last major appearances came that year, when South Africa hosted the World Cup.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">But he did not retreat from the public eye entirely. In June 2011, he joined Michelle Obama at the new Cape Town Stadium, built for the tournament, where she was promoting physical fitness during a tour of southern Africa.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\"><picture class=\"css-1j5kxti\"><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=600\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 3dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 288dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1200\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 2dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 192dpi)\" \/><source srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ-mobileMasterAt3x-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale&amp;width=1800\" media=\"(max-width: 599px) and (min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 1dppx),(max-width: 599px) and (min-resolution: 96dpi)\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"css-1m50asq\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" sizes=\"((min-width: 600px) and (max-width: 1004px)) 84vw, (min-width: 1005px) 60vw, 100vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 600w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ-jumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 1024w, https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2015\/09\/26\/world\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ\/Tutu-Desmond-adv-obit-slide-TXRQ-superJumbo.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp 2048w\" alt=\"President Barack Obama presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Archbishop Tutu at the White House in 2009.\" \/><\/picture><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\">\n<div class=\"css-79elbk\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-wrapper\">\n<div class=\"css-1a48zt4 e11si9ry5\" data-testid=\"photoviewer-children\">\n<figure class=\"img-sz-medium css-1l3p632 e1g7ppur0\">\n<div class=\"css-1xdhyk6 erfvjey0\"><\/div><figcaption class=\"css-1l44abu ewdxa0s0\"><span class=\"css-16f3y1r e13ogyst0\">President Barack Obama presented the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Archbishop Tutu at the White House in 2009.<\/span><span class=\"css-cnj6d5 e1z0qqy90\"><span class=\"css-1ly73wi e1tej78p0\">Credit&#8230;<\/span>Jewel Samad\/Agence France-Presse \u2014 Getty Images.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"css-s99gbd StoryBodyCompanionColumn\">\n<div class=\"css-53u6y8\">\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Inside the stadium, Ms. Obama got down on the floor to perform a few push-ups, and Archbishop Tutu, seeming keen to join in, dropped to the floor and did the same. Rising to their feet, a bit winded, they congratulated each other with a fist bump.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">Archbishop Tutu continued to make occasional forays into the limelight, even as he grew more infirm.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">In 2021, as he approached his 90th birthday, he pitched into a fraught debate as disinformation about coronavirus vaccines swirled.<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-axufdj evys1bk0\">\u201cThere is nothing to fear,\u201d he said. \u201cDon\u2019t let Covid-19 continue to ravage our country, or our world. Vaccinate.\u201d<\/p>\n<p class=\"css-pncxxs etfikam0\"><em>Alan Cowell and Lynsey Chutel contributed reporting.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"bottom-of-article\">\n<div class=\"css-1ubp8k9\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-13ldwoe\">A version of this article appears in print on <span class=\"css-1dmwf73\" data-testid=\"todays-date\">Dec. 27, 2021<\/span>, Section A, Page 1 of the New York edition with the headline: Desmond M. Tutu, 90, Whose Voice Helped End Apartheid, Dies. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nytreprints.com\/\">Order Reprints<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/section\/todayspaper\">Today\u2019s Paper<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/subscriptions\/Multiproduct\/lp8HYKU.html?campaignId=48JQY\">Subscribe<\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"css-eqznb3\" data-testid=\"share-toolbar\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<aside class=\"css-ew4tgv\"><\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>By Marilyn Berger,\u00a0Dec. 26, 2021 The archbishop, a powerful force for nonviolence in South Africa\u2019s anti-apartheid movement, was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984. Desmond M. Tutu at Washington National Cathedral in 1984. The archbishop was a spellbinding preacher, assuring his parishioners of God\u2019s love while exhorting them to follow the path of nonviolence [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001004,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12915"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1001004"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12915"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12918,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12915\/revisions\/12918"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}