{"id":14544,"date":"2023-04-20T06:25:16","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T13:25:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=14544"},"modified":"2023-04-25T03:55:39","modified_gmt":"2023-04-25T10:55:39","slug":"issue-of-the-week-personal-growth","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=14544","title":{"rendered":"Issue of the Week: Personal Growth"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/04\/23\/magazine\/23mag-twitter1\/23mag-twitter1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A color photograph of a nest filled with trash, including cigarette butts, a soda tab, wire, chewed-up bubble gum and a blue feather in the middle.\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>What Was Twitter, Anyway<\/em>?, The New York Times Magazine, April 23, 2023<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a long time now, we&#8217;ve been describing much of social media as the antonym of personal growth. Scientifically proven by many studies basically. And so, even though we are a media\/information\/internet based organization in many ways, we have generally eschewed it and exposed it. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like everything else revolutionary, after the imagining followed by the wrenching reality, over time it will become integrated into a healthier more balanced context. Or it will eat our brains and souls. (It&#8217;s doing both now, everything like this is a process.) <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The question is when and whether the former will overcome the latter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The epicenter of this process has for some time now arguably been Twitter, although the usual suspects of competitors for this distinction hardly need mention. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/04\/18\/magazine\/twitter-dying.html\">But there&#8217;s something about Twitter<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As it appears to be falling from it&#8217;s heights into perhaps fatal disrepair, the original promise, the &#8220;something about&#8221; generally unexamined aspects, and the damage, especially the damage, have never been better examined or explained as in the upcoming Sunday New York Times Magazine (yep, there we go again, but as we&#8217;ve explained, in a world where the Twitters and other social media and the internet in general and the increasing entertainment dumbing-down over substance of television for decades have increasingly destroyed print journalism&#8211;with notable exceptions to all the above, the best is wherever you find it, and it&#8217;s often here.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the first post in our series <em><a href=\"https:\/\/planetearthfdn.org\/the-end-of-civilization-as-we-knew-it\">The End Of Civilization As We Knew It<\/a><\/em>, we wrote:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Over the years, in the previous system of the site (still in transition) for the Issue of the Week and Message of the Day, links in the text were not an option. One or two key links were provided at the end of the posts. This became purposeful, as troglodyte as it may have appeared. Activism on the internet, which we were part of pioneering, evolved, or devolved, with the internet itself. That is going to be a subject focused on more itself in the future. But for now, keep in mind that it was purposeful for us to require the reader to read, not jump around with links. It\u2019s understandable that in view of getting an audience, most have used every new gimmick the internet has to offer. But studies have proven the downside of this, and many internet pioneers now decry their own creation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Twitter, for instance, has now been made infamous. We understand why many use it and see it as needed. Just as we see it as the fact of what it is\u2014the shrinking capacity, reinforced by the very use of it, to focus on more than a few characters\u2014making, as we\u2019ve previously noted, the 30 second TV spot seem like reading volumes. The 30 second TV ad that was the metaphor yesterday for the shrinking capacity and willingness of the species to think longer than that.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The article makes the case that Twitter has transformed the world in ways we barely understand, a platform that in the end is a kind of simplistic addictive illusion in the extreme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here it is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/04\/23\/magazine\/23mag-twitter1\/23mag-twitter1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A color photograph of a nest filled with trash, including cigarette butts, a soda tab, wire, chewed-up bubble gum and a blue feather in the middle.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit&#8230;Photograph by Jamie Chung. Concept by Pablo Delcan.&nbsp;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/04\/18\/magazine\/twitter-dying.html\">&#8220;What Was Twitter, Anyway?&#8221;<\/a>, By&nbsp;Willy Staley, April 23, 2023, The New York Times Magazine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Whether the platform is dying or not, it\u2019s time to reckon with how exactly it broke our brains.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The trouble began, as it usually does, when I saw something funny on my computer. It was the middle of the morning on a Wednesday, a few years back, and I came across news that Le Creuset, the French cookware brand, had made a line of \u201cStar Wars\u201d-themed pots and pans. There was a roaster made to look like Han Solo frozen in carbonite ($450) and a Dutch oven with Tatooine\u2019s twin suns on it (\u201cOur Dutch oven promises an end result that\u2019s anything but dry \u2014 unlike the sun-scorched lands of Tatooine\u201d; $900). A set of mini cocottes had been decorated to resemble the lovable droid characters C-3PO, R2-D2 and BB-8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I was also looking at Twitter that day, something that I can say for sure not only because of what happened next, but also because I look at Twitter just about every day. (This is not terribly unusual in my profession \u2014 I am an editor at The New York Times Magazine \u2014 but I think it should be stated clearly upfront that I have something of an acute problem with it.) I took a screenshot of the cocottes and uploaded it to the site. I wrote, as an accompanying caption, \u201cThe Star Wars\/Le Creuset pots imply the existence of a Type of Guy I find genuinely unimaginable&#8230;\u201d \u2014 just like that, ellipsis and all. I hit send. I guess I went back to work after that. My email records show that I sent a big edit memo to a writer. Then, around lunchtime, things started happening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you don\u2019t use Twitter \u2014 which is perfectly normal; about three-quarters of Americans don\u2019t \u2014 you should know that the platform has a function called quote-tweeting, which was introduced in 2015. It allows users to show a tweet they\u2019ve encountered to their own followers, while adding their own text or image to comment on it. You often see people use this function to respond to some contrived prompt that crosses their feed (\u201cWhat\u2019s a great song that features an impressive horn section?\u201d). Less often, though often enough that the practice has its own name, quote-tweets are used to roast and clown on people \u2014 to trot them out in front of a new audience, drop their pants and spank them. This is referred to as \u201cdunking.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At some point in the early afternoon, someone dunked on me by quote-tweeting my observation and adding, in The Onion\u2019s headline style: \u201cArea Man Has Never Heard of Women.\u201d My post was now in front of a new audience, and that audience was now reading it framed by what I would consider an uncharitable interpretation of my point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>New quote-tweets started to pour in, each one putting me in front of another audience of followers, some minuscule and others quite large. \u201cI enjoyed that this tweet manages to be sexist on multiple levels\u201d; \u201c#newsflash WOMEN cook and like Star Wars\u201d; \u201cImagine a woman\u201d; \u201cHi, have you met women?\u201d; \u201cWomen like Star Wars. Men cook.\u201d; \u201cMy husband is a huge Star Wars fan and is the cook in the house. He bakes too. Sorry to blow your mind.\u201d; \u201ci luv a good dose of homophobia and toxic masculinity in the year of our lord 2019 &#x1f644;.\u201d My notifications flooded for the next 24 hours as the tweet continued to find its way into new corners of the site. Some people replied directly: \u201c&#8230; are you aware that girls can like star wars too\u201d; \u201cWilly, get a better imagination, and cut it out with the gatekeeping\u201d; \u201cMen cook. Women like Star Wars. If you can\u2019t imagine those things, that\u2019s about you, not other people.\u201d; \u201cShowed my son, he\u2019s trying to find them to order them now. Btw, he\u2019s a Marine.\u201d Other replies can\u2019t be printed here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>None of these people were&nbsp;<em>wrong<\/em>, exactly. It was true that in the split second between learning of the pots and posting about them, I had imagined a stereotypically geeky and slovenly guy as the customer, and Le Creuset as the kind of thing you put on your wedding registry \u2014 that is indeed why I thought the products were funny. It\u2019s not as if this was a terribly original thought; I didn\u2019t wake up and introduce to our culture, on a random Wednesday, the idea that male nerds like to buy \u201cStar Wars\u201d memorabilia. Nor had these broader gender corollaries \u2014 that men don\u2019t cook, that women don\u2019t like \u201cStar Wars\u201d \u2014 so much as crossed my mind. In any event, I no longer have any trouble imagining what \u201cStar Wars\u201d-Le Creuset customers are like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I was wrong on another level, too: The pots and pans were, as many Twitter users would find time to inform me, wildly popular, and are now available only on the secondary market, in some cases for multiple times their retail value. Still, wrong as I may have been, the responses I managed to provoke were stunning to me \u2014 for their volume, their woundedness, their consistency and the way the \u201cStar Wars\u201d-liking issue was so salient that I was called sexist for&nbsp;<em>not<\/em>&nbsp;associating cookware with women. Luckily, the sheer inanity of the topic offered a measure of safety you don\u2019t typically get when you bring negative attention to yourself on Twitter. I could afford to take the anthropological view. I felt like Bill Paxton at the end of \u201cTwister\u201d \u2014 strapped in and able to see down the barrel of this thing and admire its beautiful, treacherous contours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twitter is both short-form and fast-moving, which together make it feel conversational. Like all conversations, it\u2019s highly context-dependent, and like all&nbsp;<em>good<\/em>&nbsp;conversations, it\u2019s guided by the pleasure principle. That\u2019s what makes it fun: Who doesn\u2019t want to be the person who can make everyone laugh at a dinner party? But Twitter also puts your dinner-party remarks in front of people who were not invited to the dinner party, showing them exactly how little you considered them before chiming in. And, of course, no one involved is having fun at a dinner party at any point in this process; everyone is, like you, probably alone, on the computer, experiencing the feeling we used to know as boredom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though it didn\u2019t feel this way at the time, as I look back now, it\u2019s clear that no one was actually&nbsp;<em>upset<\/em>&nbsp;about the \u201cStar Wars\u201d thing, not in any meaningful sense. A couple of people tried to draw a connection between my retrograde outlook on novelty Dutch ovens and my employer \u2014 always an alarming development \u2014 but mostly it was low-effort clowning that felt charged only because it was traveling along such high-energy vectors (sexism, homophobia, \u201cStar Wars\u201d fandom). The platform can coax this exact sort of response out of its users with an incredibly small amount of effort. It\u2019s only on the receiving end, where all these messages collect in one place, that it feels oppressive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This sort of thing is happening to dozens of people at any moment on Twitter, routinely enough that it\u2019s more than some unfortunate externality, though not so often that you\u2019d say it\u2019s the&nbsp;<em>point<\/em>&nbsp;of the platform. (It, too, has a name: \u201cgetting ratioed.\u201d) You have a few options when this happens. In theory, you can just log out and wait for it to end, but no one does that, because who knows what might happen when you\u2019re not watching. You can go private, which basically ends it, though in a way that looks like admitting defeat. (I did this, briefly, so I could go to sleep that night.) You can delete the tweet, or even delete your whole account. But you can also do what I chose to do the next morning, which is to continue posting about it, because it\u2019s fun, and because it really doesn\u2019t take much effort at all. That\u2019s basically the whole problem right there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This all happened on and around Dec. 4, 2019. Though none of us knew it at the time, a mysterious new respiratory disease had just begun circulating in central China. This would set in motion a spectacular series of events that would make Twitter the focal point of pitched battles about freedom of speech, community health, racial justice and American democracy. At the same time, the pandemic and the federal response to it would create bizarre macroeconomic dynamics that would help one man grow his net worth&nbsp;<em>tenfold<\/em>&nbsp;in two years, transforming him from a high-profile but middle-of-the-pack billionaire into the wealthiest man in human history. For a time, anyway. It appears that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/10\/27\/technology\/elon-musk-twitter-deal-complete.html\">Elon Musk was troubled enough by Twitter\u2019s role<\/a>&nbsp;in the discourse battles that he felt he should control it himself, and $44 billion later \u2014 nearly double his entire net worth at the outset of the pandemic \u2014 he has his wish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What exactly have we been doing here for the last decade and a half?<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Musk has done many things to Twitter, both the app and the business, during his six months as chief executive and owner. He has laid off more than half the staff, changed the interface and functionality of the product and aggressively pushed users to sign up for a paid subscription version of the service. He says that usage has gone up, but because he has taken the company private, we only have his word on that. According to most estimates, ad spending has plummeted. Musk himself has reportedly estimated that the company is now worth about $20 billion, a negative 55 percent return. He has, meanwhile, enlisted a small group of journalists \u2014 many of whom have taken a political journey similar to Musk\u2019s in recent years \u2014 to sift through company emails and Slacks in an effort to reveal overreach on the part of the old regime in its management of the global conversation. They published reams of lightly redacted emails, showing regular correspondence between Twitter\u2019s trust-and-safety team and the F.B.I., and other organs of the state, which apparently spend a considerable amount of time scrutinizing individual Twitter accounts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"styln-toplinks-title\">Inside Elon Musk\u2019s Twitter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Blue Check Marks:&nbsp;<\/strong>Twitter&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/04\/20\/technology\/twitter-blue-check-marks.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;state=default&amp;module=styln-elon-musk&amp;variant=show&amp;region=MAIN_CONTENT_1&amp;block=storyline_top_links_recirc\">began removing check mark icons<\/a>&nbsp;from the profiles of thousands of celebrities, politicians and journalists, in one of the most visible indicators of how Elon Musk is changing the company.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A New Lawsuit:&nbsp;<\/strong>A suit filed by several former Twitter executives seeking repayment said that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/04\/10\/technology\/twitter-lawsuit-justice-department.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;state=default&amp;module=styln-elon-musk&amp;variant=show&amp;region=MAIN_CONTENT_1&amp;block=storyline_top_links_recirc\">they had personally spent more than $1 million<\/a>&nbsp;on legal expenses related to shareholder lawsuits and several government investigations, including an inquiry by the Justice Department.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Changing the Twitter Experience:&nbsp;<\/strong>Nearly six months after buying Twitter,Musk&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/04\/07\/technology\/elon-musk-twitter-changes.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;state=default&amp;module=styln-elon-musk&amp;variant=show&amp;region=MAIN_CONTENT_1&amp;block=storyline_top_links_recirc\">has made tweaks<\/a>&nbsp;that have altered what people see on the platform and how they interact with it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Taking Aim at Substack:<\/strong>&nbsp;After the newsletter service announced that it had built a Twitter competitor, Twitter&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/04\/07\/technology\/twitter-substack-elon-musk.html?action=click&amp;pgtype=Article&amp;state=default&amp;module=styln-elon-musk&amp;variant=show&amp;region=MAIN_CONTENT_1&amp;block=storyline_top_links_recirc\">took steps to block Substack newsletters<\/a>&nbsp;from circulating on its platform.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Musk\u2019s takeover of the platform has not only strained the dinner-party metaphor (a new host comes in and dominates the conversation, demanding money from you and accusing the hosts from before of being F.B.I. stooges?); it has also strained the sense of conviviality that made Twitter feel like a party in the first place. The site feels a little emptier, though certainly not dead. More like the part of the dinner party when only the serious drinkers remain. Whiskey is being poured into wineglasses, and the cheese plate has become an ashtray. It\u2019s still a great time \u2014 indeed, it\u2019s a little looser \u2014 but it also feels as if many of us are just avoiding the inevitable. Eventually, we\u2019ll scrape the plates, load the dishwasher and leave the pans to soak (\u201cHey, cool Dutch oven \u2014 are those the twin suns of Tatooine?\u201d). It\u2019s possible the party will stretch on until sunrise, when the more sensible guests will return. But for now, someone just turned up the lights, and it\u2019s probably time to ask ourselves: What exactly&nbsp;<em>have<\/em>&nbsp;we been doing here for the last decade and a half?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>A number of&nbsp;<\/strong>narratives have developed over the years to explain what Twitter has been doing to us. There was, in the wake of Trump\u2019s election, the focus on Russian \u201cbots\u201d and \u201ctrolls\u201d \u2014 two words often used interchangeably, though they mean totally different things \u2014 sowing discord and amplifying divisive rhetoric. As the Trump years progressed, this evolved into a broader concern about \u201cdisinformation,\u201d \u201cmisinformation\u201d and whether and how Twitter should seek to stop them. And behind all this lurked vague concerns about \u201cthe algorithm,\u201d the exotic mathematical force accused of steering hypnotized users into right-wing extremism, or imprisoning people in a cocoon of smug liberalism, or somehow both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Those narratives all express fears about what happens when people&nbsp;<em>consume<\/em>&nbsp;information online, but they have little useful to say about how or why all that information is produced in the first place. After all, everything you read on Twitter, whether it comes from the president of the United States or your local dogcatcher, is a result of the process known as posting. And only a small proportion of users post. There is a lot of research on this topic, and it can be bracing reading for the Twitter addict. In 2021, the Pew Research Center took a close look at about 1,000 U.S.-based accounts, plucked out of a bigger survey of the site. This sample was split into two \u2014 the \u201cmost active users,\u201d who made up just 25 percent of the group, and the rest. Statistically speaking, no one in the bottom 75 percent even posted at all: They produced a median of zero posts a month. They also checked the site far less frequently and were more likely to find it uncivil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There\u2019s also some data about the heavy users, and though Pew would not approve, let\u2019s pretend, for our purposes, that it can be used to make a composite sketch of one. We\u2019ll call him Joe Sixpost. Joe produces about 65 tweets a month, an average of two a day. Only 14 percent of his output is his own material, original stand-alone tweets posted to the timeline; half of his posts are retweets of stuff other people posted, and the remainder are quote-tweets or replies to other tweets. None of this stuff travels far. Joe has a median of 230 followers, and on average his efforts earn him 37 likes and one retweet a month. Nevertheless, it is heavy users like this \u2014 just the top quartile \u2014 who produced&nbsp;<em>97 percent<\/em>&nbsp;of the larger group\u2019s posts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Let me be frank: These are pathetic numbers. Over the last 48 hours, I have made 14 posts. Five were \u201coriginal\u201d posts to the timeline. I also retweeted a writer I work with, my twin brother and Grover Norquist, and replied to tweets replying to my own. Thus, in two days, I put myself on track to make 210 posts a month. (I won\u2019t mention the like and retweet numbers, but suffice it to say I had individual posts that absolutely&nbsp;<em>rinsed<\/em>&nbsp;Joe Sixpost\u2019s monthly counts.) And this was a period during which I took care of my young child, did garbage duty in my building, tried to go grocery shopping but discovered I had a flat tire, walked to a different store, cooked dinner (that\u2019s right), read, watched \u201cParty Down,\u201d slept, got my kid to day care, changed the flat tire and worked on this article. I didn\u2019t even think I was on Twitter very much. But because my posts go out to so many more accounts than even an \u201cactive user\u201d like Joe Sixpost\u2019s do \u2014 by a factor of 100 \u2014 I\u2019d still do more to shape reality on the platform even if I posted less frequently than he did. Which, as we\u2019ve established, I don\u2019t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>People afflicted with this unyielding desire to post are rare enough that we probably aren\u2019t easily captured in studies like Pew\u2019s. If you pick a thousand people at random, you might not find many of us, and if you do, our derangement will be smoothed out into averages and obscured by medians, blinding you to the fact that the bulk of your Twitter reading comes from a tiny minority of the population that shares this peculiar deficiency with me. When we talk about the problems created by Twitter, we focus on what happens when people read the wrong sort of post, like disinformation from a malign actor. If we consider the posting side of things at all, it is to lament the excesses of cancel culture \u2014 typically from the receiving end. But if we really want to understand what Twitter has done to us, surely it would make more sense to account for the millions and millions of more ordinary posts the platform generates by design. Why has a small sliver of humanity taken it upon themselves to heap their thoughts into this hopper every day?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Part of answering this question involves realizing that a tweet isn\u2019t just a matter of one person speaking and others listening. Kevin Munger, an assistant professor of political science and social data analytics at Penn State \u2014 he also happens to be an acquaintance of mine \u2014 thinks of this confusion as the overhang of the \u201cbroadcast paradigm\u201d in an era when it is no longer relevant. Many people conceive of tweets as analogous to TV or newspaper or radio \u2014 that \u201cthere are people who tweet, there are people who read the tweets,\u201d as Munger puts it. \u201cAnd the tweet is just text, right, and it\u2019s static.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But there is no such separation between creator and consumer, and that\u2019s not what a tweet is. \u201cIf you look at a tweet, it\u2019s always already encoding audience feedback,\u201d Munger points out. Right beneath the text of the tweet is information about what the network thinks of it: the numbers of replies, retweets and likes. \u201cYou can\u2019t actually conceive of a tweet except as a synthetic object, which contains both the original message and the audience feedback,\u201d he explains. In fact, a tweet contains layers of information beyond that: not just how many people liked it or replied, but who, and what they said, and how&nbsp;<em>they<\/em>&nbsp;present themselves, and whom they follow, and who follows them, and so on. Every post contains within it a unique core sample of the network and its makeup. And whether they admit it or not, Munger says, all of this helps users build mental models of the platform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Munger is highly pessimistic about our ability to use Twitter to debate or deliberate anything of importance. Instead, he suggests, we use the site as a \u201cvibes-detection machine\u201d \u2014 a means of discovering subtle shifts in sentiment within our local orbits; a way to suss out, in an almost postrational way, which ideas, symbols and beliefs pair with one another. (If this sounds fanciful to you, ask a heavy Twitter user what set of political commitments is signified by using a Greek statue as an avatar.) But it\u2019s hard to detect vibes unless you put a signal out there first; there\u2019s no way to grasp the thing from outside looking in. \u201cIn order to understand how it works,\u201d Munger says, \u201cyou have to act on it and allow it to act on you.\u201d You have to post.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/04\/23\/magazine\/23mag-twitter2\/23mag-twitter2-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A color photo illustration of a blue bird holding an extinguished match in its mouth.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit&#8230;Photo illustration by Jamie Chung. Concept by Pablo Delcan.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nick Bilton\u2019s 2013<\/strong>&nbsp;book,&nbsp;<strong>\u2018<\/strong>\u2018Hatching Twitter,\u201d was disorienting reading for me, because it took me back to a place I thought I knew well: San Francisco, 2006. I was in college at the time, but I grew up in the city and went back for all my breaks. The summer he founded Twitter, Jack Dorsey was hanging out in the Mission and working South of Market. So was I. We both had recently learned how to send text messages and enjoyed visiting Dolores Park. The difference between us was that Dorsey was about to take a central role in the industry that would remake our city and convulse the entire planet in the bargain, and I was mostly just hanging out with my friends.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Back then, the social internet was a more na\u00efve and hopeful place. Just look at Dorsey, whose Flickr account from the era is still up and public. You can see all sorts of relics from Dorsey\u2019s prebillionaire social life in and around the city: trips to Coachella and Point Reyes, arty photographs of street signs. And in the mix, you can find&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jackdorsey\/188430472\/\" target=\"_blank\">screenshots of early Twttr,<\/a>&nbsp;as it was known. The logo is green, bubbly and sweaty; it looks like a new flavor of SoBe.&nbsp;<a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jackdorsey\/182614595\/\" target=\"_blank\">The very first layout<\/a>&nbsp;looks nearly identical to Craigslist. \u201cWhat\u2019s your status?\u201d it asks at the top, and below you can see Dorsey\u2019s colleagues responding. \u201cPreparing a pizza,\u201d writes Florian Weber, one of the project\u2019s first engineers. \u201chaving some coffee,\u201d offers Biz Stone, another founder. \u201cso excited about new odeo ideas,\u201d writes Evan Williams, whose start-up Odeo employed Dorsey and was helping develop this new concept that would swallow it whole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dorsey had nurtured the basic idea of Twitter for years \u2014 a site that would be like AOL Instant Messenger\u2019s \u201caway message\u201d for anywhere, or \u201ca more \u2018live\u2019 LiveJournal,\u201d as he put it in a post on Flickr. He wanted to call it Status, and it was important to him that the service be principally social. In his book, Bilton recounts how Dorsey initially considered and dismissed using audio as a medium because it would be impossible to use at a nightclub. That was, in Dorsey\u2019s mind, a key use case. But Williams, who created Blogger and sold it to Google for millions, came to see something else in Twitter: To him, its potential lay in its ability to create a running record of what was going on in the outside world. The book recounts a somewhat absurd, but revealing, philosophical argument between the two founders. If one of them were to see a fire on Market and Third, in downtown San Francisco, and tweet about it, would he be tweeting that there was a fire on Market and Third? Or would he be tweeting that he was witnessing a fire on Market and Third? Dorsey was insistent that it was the latter: \u201cYou\u2019re talking about your status as you look at the fire.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To Dorsey, the fact that Twitter creates a record of the world would be an incidental byproduct of all this status-sharing. But as time went on, and more people joined, the Williams view came to look prophetic. It would be vindicated on a January afternoon in 2009, when an Airbus A320 taking off from LaGuardia collided with a flock of geese over the Bronx, losing power in both engines and forcing the quick-thinking pilot to ditch the plane in the Hudson. A businessman named Janis Krums was on a ferry to New Jersey when the boat\u2019s captain announced that a plane was down in the water, and they were going to see if they could help. Krums figured it was a small single-engine craft, and was stunned when they pulled up to a commercial airliner. He had an iPhone, and he took a picture of the plane in the icy water, with passengers crowding onto life rafts. He posted it to Twitter with a brief caption. Krums handed the phone to one of the rescued passengers, who wanted to call his loved ones, and forgot about it amid the rescue efforts. By the time he and his phone were reunited, about 30 minutes later, it had exploded with messages and missed calls from news agencies. \u201cThe tweet had gone around the world,\u201d he told me. \u201cAnd I had no idea.\u201d The biggest story of the day had been broken by some random guy with a smartphone. Reporters called it so many times that they drained Krums\u2019s battery within an hour. He was finally able to make it back to Jersey by nightfall, at which point he was being interviewed on morning radio in Australia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Later that year, Williams, having ousted Dorsey to become Twitter\u2019s chief executive, would change the site\u2019s prompt from \u201cWhat are you doing?\u201d to \u201cWhat\u2019s happening?\u201d as it remains to this day. But if that seems like a clean victory for Williams, it wasn\u2019t quite. Because what Krums wrote was exactly what&nbsp;<em>Dorsey<\/em>had imagined; it was about not just the plane but also the fact that he, Krums, was looking at it. \u201cThere\u2019s a plane in the Hudson,\u201d&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/jkrums\/status\/1121915133?lang=en\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">he wrote<\/a>. \u201cI\u2019m on the ferry going to pick up the people. Crazy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twitter could never be just about the outside world or about our internal ones; it would always have to be both. Dorsey and Williams were correct to identify this as a conflict, even if they could not design or engineer it away. These two repellent magnets were fused together and left under the platform\u2019s floorboards. More and more people joined, hoping to learn what was happening in the world and to share what was happening in theirs. Eventually, the situation that obtained was altogether stranger than Williams or Dorsey could have imagined.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Twitter took off<\/strong>&nbsp;first with geeks in San Francisco, and then with people in the tech-media-music orbit at South by Southwest in 2007. From there, it continued to annex populations prone to graphomania (reporters, rappers, academics) and those that just had more things to say than opportunities to say them (comedians, editors, TV writers, lawyers). Twitter quickly figured out that its value lay in its ability to surface conversations: What was the world talking about? In 2008, it began plumbing its depths to identify trends. These were the early days of the Big Data era, and the idea was that within all the chatter could be found some hidden rhythm, a form of crowd wisdom. It wasn\u2019t long before people got the idea that they could harness Twitter\u2019s firehose of information to do things like trade stocks \u2014 one hedge fund, started in 2011, promised 15 to 20 percent returns based on its algorithmic ability to divine market movements. It shuttered after a month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Twitter\u2019s takeover of the media class was rapid. In April 2009, Maureen Dowd&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2009\/04\/22\/opinion\/22dowd.html\">interviewed Williams and Stone<\/a>, telling them that she \u201cwould rather be tied up to stakes in the Kalahari Desert, have honey poured over me and red ants eat out my eyes than open a Twitter account\u201d; she signed up three months later to promote her column. Later that spring,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/content.time.com\/time\/subscriber\/article\/0,33009,1902818,00.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a Time cover story<\/a>&nbsp;noted that Twitter users had begun using the site as a \u201cpointing device\u201d and sharing longer-form content. (\u201cIt\u2019s just as easy to use Twitter to spread the word about a brilliant 10,000-word New Yorker article as it is to spread the word about your Lucky Charms habit.\u201d) This would make it an incredible way to keep up on the news \u2014 and absolutely irresistible to journalists. By the next year, the Times media reporter David Carr was writing&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2010\/01\/03\/weekinreview\/03carr.html\">an ode to the site<\/a>, correctly predicting it was more than a fad and lauding it for both its relative civility and its \u201cobvious utility\u201d for information-gathering. \u201cIf all kinds of people are pointing at the same thing at the same instant,\u201d he wrote, \u201cit must be a pretty big deal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I am told by my superiors here at The Times that there was a time when journalists would talk about what they\u2019d been reading at the bar, or at cocktail parties. One of these people told me, and I don\u2019t think he was kidding, that an article of his went viral by&nbsp;<em>fax machine<\/em>. I\u2019ll have to take his word for it, because I\u2019ve never known a life in journalism free from the gravitational pull of Twitter. In fact, I probably owe my career to it. In 2011, I wrote an essay for a website called The Awl, and the very thing that Carr described happened: The article, which was&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theawl.com\/2011\/11\/a-conspiracy-of-hogs-the-mcrib-as-arbitrage\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">about the McRib<\/a>, went viral on Twitter, putting my work in front of editors at places like The Times. A few months earlier, I was at the precipice of giving up on writing; within about a year, I would be regularly freelancing. After a while, I had a full-time job as an editor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There was, around this time, an enormous expansion in web media, with BuzzFeed, Vice and others pouring truckloads of venture capital into the field. And though Twitter never drove much traffic, it was nevertheless important for journalists to be there, because everyone else was there; this was where your articles would be read and digested by your peers and betters (as well as, theoretically, the reading public). It was doubly important because of how precarious these new jobs were. Your Twitter profile was also your calling card, potentially a life raft to a new job. The platform was an extremely fraught sort of LinkedIn, one you would use to publicly waste company time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Looking back, it\u2019s hard not to see this as a tragic bargain. Twitter took the wild world of blogging and corralled the whole thing, offering writers a deal they couldn\u2019t refuse: Instant, constant access to an enormous audience, without necessarily needing to write more than 140 characters. But they would never again be as alone with their thoughts, even when they were off the platform. Twitter follows you, mentally, and besides, anything can be brought back there for judgment. Perhaps worst of all, they would be gently cowed into talking about whatever it was everyone else was talking about, or risk being ignored, and replaced by someone who would.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this journalistic swarming instinct made Twitter an ideal place for activists to get a message out. If there is one good thing that can be said about Twitter, it\u2019s that it really was democratizing: It allowed the previously voiceless to walk right up to the powerful and put stuff right in front of their faces, at any time of day. The Green Revolution in Iran, the Tahrir Square protests and Occupy Wall Street \u2014 all of these made use of Twitter in creative ways. Two of the biggest social movements of the last decade are often rendered as one word with a hashtag attached to it. The real action of Black Lives Matter may have taken place in the streets, and the long-delayed consequences of Me Too delivered in boardrooms or courtrooms, but these movements couldn\u2019t have begun if they could not corral and excite latent political energies via social platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Really, Twitter was good for getting&nbsp;<em>any<\/em>&nbsp;sort of message out there. Governors and senators, Shaquille O\u2019Neal and Sears; Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, the American Enterprise Institute and Chrissy Teigen; the Dalai Lama, Rachel Maddow and the guy who does \u201cDilbert\u201d \u2014 all could use the same exact tools to be heard, and to hear, at all hours of the day. For some, it was their job to get a message out; for others, an ancillary goal; for others still, a reluctant undertaking done in the name of relevance. In any event, the barrier between work and goofing around grew dangerously thin, especially as more influential people and entities arrived.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because as soon as Twitter began bringing all these people together, it amounted to an irresistible target. Twitter was an exceptional tool, above all else, for making jokes. Some groups elevated it to an art, profoundly transforming the folkways and language of the platform \u2014 \u201cBlack Twitter\u201d chief among them. There was also \u201cWeird Twitter,\u201d an unfortunate label that refers as much to a specific group of people as to the sensibility they shared. What Weird Twitter posters had in common, beyond being (mostly) funny, was a special brain damage that granted them access to the hidden frequencies of the internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2010, a young Canadian named Stefan Heck joined Twitter in search of Vancouver Canucks news but soon fell in with what would become the Weird Twitter crowd. Lots of corporations had come to Twitter to offer quick customer service, and Heck and his friends enjoyed messing with them. (Like tweeting at PetSmart: \u201cif my turtle stops moving after i smoke it out its just sleeping right?\u201d) One hashtag that often trended in those days was #tcot, the \u201cTop Conservatives on Twitter,\u201d and Heck and his friends often found their way there in search of a good time. Heck recalls it being full of \u201cyou know, 70-year-old guys, like, retired boat salesmen and dentists.\u201d He can\u2019t remember for sure, but he believes this is where they eventually found the 1980s TV star Scott Baio, who was and remains a conservative culture warrior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike other celebrities on the platform, Baio would actually respond to people. \u201cHe felt like a real guy who posted,\u201d Heck says. \u201cHe was in it for the love of the game.\u201d In 2011, when Heck and friends started asking him if he was an adult-diaper fetishist, Baio snapped, blocking everyone who asked him about diapers and tweeting to complain about it. Heck and others started posting \u201c#RIPScottBaio,\u201d and apparently did so with enough volume that it became a trending topic, persuading some untold number of people that the actor had died. Someone reportedly edited Wikipedia to certify his death from \u201cdiaper-related illness.\u201d By the next day, NBC\u2019s \u201cToday\u201d show was debunking the claim on its website.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To Heck, the Baio episode showed how small and wide-open the site was \u2014 how it could be gamed. (The incident was brought to my attention when I asked Mike Caulfield, a research scientist at the University of Washington\u2019s Center for an Informed Public, if he could think of any watershed moments in Twitter history; he thought it was interesting for more or less the same reasons.) A small conspiracy could capture the platform\u2019s homuncular version of reality and tickle it until it shouted nonsense. Indeed, Twitter\u2019s own insistence that it could connect the whole world and surface the most engaging conversations amounted to an enormous \u201cKICK ME\u201d sign on its back. It had grown from a place where people shared&nbsp;<em>what they were having for lunch<\/em>&nbsp;to one that was either changing the world or purely self-contained, a pearl of heightened reactions accreting around a tiny grain of provocation. No one was ever really sure which.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But if you were good at the game, it could be good for you, both on Twitter and off. People got commissions and book deals \u2014 not many, but enough. Some people lost their jobs \u2014 not many, but enough. A couple of people got TV shows out of it. Once, someone told a story so wild it was turned into a feature film. Hell, one guy even went and got himself elected president.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2023\/04\/23\/magazine\/23mag-twitter3\/23mag-twitter3-articleLarge-v2.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A color photograph of the trash-filled nest on fire.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit&#8230;Photograph by Jamie Chung. Concept by Pablo Delcan<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>The election of<\/strong>&nbsp;Donald Trump made Twitter an extremely fraught environment. Did you hate the way the media reported on him? They were all there to tweet at about it. Did you blame everything that was happening on people slightly to your left? Slightly to your right? A random podcaster? Someone you didn\u2019t know existed until five seconds ago? They were there, too. And, of course, so was the president. Some of his opponents suspected his election might be the fault of the platform itself. This idea gave us a solid six years of discourse on Russian bots and trolls and disinformation, though none of this, according to a recent study in Nature, had any meaningful effect on voters\u2019 2016 decision-making. In all the bickering, it was easy to lose track of what was keeping us on Twitter in the first place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One compelling theory comes from Chris Bail, a sociology professor at Duke, who began studying Twitter in the years when these debates were raging. Bail was especially curious about the \u201cfilter bubble,\u201d the idea that social media platforms encircle users with opinions they share, causing them to be less amenable to arguments from the other side. Bail had read research showing that social media has actually given people a more diverse information diet. \u201cEven convincing people that that\u2019s true is really hard,\u201d he told me, because there is an enormous apparatus of talking heads telling them otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>So Bail and his colleagues designed an experiment to test the filter bubble: They exposed partisan Twitter users to a bot that would retweet counterpartisan speech 24 times a day, for a month, and interviewed participants before and after. In the end, they showed that the reality was stranger than the theory: The more attention respondents paid to the bots, the more entrenched they became in their beliefs. These results were especially true of conservatives. Bail even saw some participants yelling at the experiment\u2019s bots. \u201cThis happened so often that three of the most extreme conservatives in our study began following each other,\u201d Bail writes in his book \u201cBreaking the Social Media Prism.\u201d \u201cThe trio teamed up to attack many of the messages our liberal bot retweeted for an entire week, often pushing each other to make increasingly extreme criticism as time passed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bail argues that Twitter is a \u201cprism\u201d that bends both the depiction of reality you see through it and your own efforts to show who you are to the world. The platform, Bail writes, taps into the human desire to \u201cpresent different versions of ourselves, observe what other people think of them and revise our identities accordingly.\u201d People like to think of social media as a mirror, he told me: \u201cI can see what\u2019s going on, and I can see my place in what\u2019s going on.\u201d But Twitter is not a random sampling of reality. Almost all the feedback you receive on the site comes from its most active users. \u201cAnd the most active social media users,\u201d Bail says, \u201care a weird group of people.\u201d Somehow this fact doesn\u2019t override our desire to fit in, which is then pointed in strange directions: \u201cWe see this distorted reality,\u201d Bail says, \u201cwe understand it as reality, and we react accordingly.\u201d As we all do this, together, we create feedback loops that further warp the projection of reality. (You could see this dynamic especially clearly at the height of the pandemic, when Twitter\u2019s feed was some people\u2019s primary porthole to the outside world.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One thing Kevin Munger pointed out to me is that Twitter users are running Bail\u2019s experiment on one another constantly. Pervasive quote-tweet dunking, for example, is often used to highlight the most galling ideas coming from one\u2019s political foes, feeding users outrageous caricatures of the other side. There are also numerous accounts \u2014 Libs of TikTok most notorious among them \u2014 that exist for this sole purpose: to drag speech out of its intended context in another gamified discourse, across the partisan divide, to make people mad. Bail ran his experiment for only a month; imagine doing this for about a decade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bail told me that before he settled on the prism, he considered sonar as his central metaphor, because of the way Twitter allows users to send out a message and see what bounces back. This is a helpful way of thinking about Trump, whose Twitter habit was largely seen as a sideshow, a means of circumventing the press or just evidence of his terrible impulse control. It was all those things, of course. But this is also the man who discovered, lurking within the rot of the two-party system, a strange new shape in the electorate. Should we regard it as pure coincidence that he spent all those years on Twitter, with an enormous following and the sonar capabilities of an Ohio-class submarine? Even Trump\u2019s campaign rallies and governing style had this highly provisional, posting-like rhythm to them: He tried things out, saw what worked and pocketed those moves. Is it so hard to believe that the image-obsessed salesman, up in his gilded cockpit in the vibes-detection machine, was learning something about what people wanted to hear?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We could ask similar questions about Musk, whose increased exposure to the site has coincided with his transformation from beloved entrepreneur to substantially less beloved culture warrior. One of Bail\u2019s chief observations about Twitter is that its prismatic qualities generate a strong effect on users: Its feedback makes very clear who your friends and enemies are. This can act as a sort of centrifugal force, pushing people deeper into the belief structures of their \u201cteam,\u201d and pushing moderates out of the conversation entirely. We can\u2019t know exactly why Musk seems to have become so engaged with culture-war topics, but Bail\u2019s ideas suggest one explanation: Through the prism, he saw the most disingenuous arguments from both sides over the most contentious issues of the day, his own behavior very much included. And one side welcomed him while the other rejected him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that Musk owns the site, he has repeatedly stated that his goal is to bring back \u201cfree speech,\u201d and he has tweeted several times about the \u201cwoke mind virus\u201d that he believes threatens civilization. It seems he thinks it might live within his new plaything, and can be dislodged if he turns it upside-down and shakes it just right. But it\u2019s not clear he knows where it is: Was it in the staff? He has laid off most of them now; many others have left of their own volition. Was it in their content-moderation team? He has treated Twitter\u2019s San Francisco offices like Stasi HQ, revealing the inner workings of the previous regime. Is it in the algorithm or the UX? He has changed all that too, and continues to tinker with them, seemingly based on passing whims and grudges \u2014 or sometimes inscrutable urges. He added more metrics to every tweet, briefly changed the site\u2019s logo to a shiba inu and obscured the \u201cW\u201d on the sign that hangs from the company\u2019s Market Street headquarters. (Musk did not respond to a request for comment; Twitter\u2019s press email autoreplied, as it apparently does to all incoming messages, \u201c&#x1f4a9;.\u201d)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The net effect of all of this has been a buggy site \u2014 and one that feels less alive. Not just because so many influential people have departed but also because Musk broke the spell. You can no longer believe that this platform offers an unobstructed view to the outside world, if you ever did, now that his hands have so thoroughly smudged up the glass.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s hard to look back on nearly a decade and a half of posting without feeling something like regret. Not regret that I\u2019ve harmed my reputation with countless people who don\u2019t know me, and some who do \u2014 though there is that. Not regret that I\u2019ve experienced all the psychic damage described herein \u2014 though there is that too. And not even regret that I could have been doing something more productive with my time \u2014 of course there\u2019s that, but whatever. What\u2019s disconcerting is how easy it was to pass all the hours this way. The world just sort of falls away when you\u2019re looking at the feed. For all the time I spent, I didn\u2019t even really put that much into it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a famous thought experiment in thermodynamics called Maxwell\u2019s Demon, named for the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell. Musk certainly knows it; he\u2019s a big admirer of Maxwell\u2019s. (He once tweeted \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/elonmusk\/status\/1443268776930119680?lang=en\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Maxwell was incredible<\/a>,\u201d but that was right around the time a cricketer named Glenn Maxwell did something impressive in an Indian Premier League match, so he just ended up confusing much of South Asia.) Maxwell proposed a means of circumventing the second law of thermodynamics, which basically states that in a closed system, disorder will increase naturally unless energy is used to stop it; heat will always dissipate into cold. What if, Maxwell asked, you had a box split in two by a wall, and a tiny being sitting atop the wall, operating a little door, and this being was clever enough to track individual molecules and know how fast they were moving? If he let only faster-moving molecules go from Chamber A to Chamber B, and only slower-moving molecules pass the other way, then, without any new energy being introduced, Chamber B would become very hot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is basically a thought experiment about information overcoming the limits of the physical world, so it naturally found fans in the world of computing. The \u201cmailer-daemon\u201d that returns bounced emails to your inbox, for example, is one of many background processes that takes its name from Maxwell\u2019s concept. Dorsey was enamored of the idea; he had a tattoo that read \u201c0daemon!?\u201d and once wrote a poem about a \u201cjak daemon,\u201d a cyberpunk hacker type who manipulates \u201cthe background process in small ways to drive various aspects of the world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I thought about Maxwell\u2019s Demon as I reconsidered the \u201cStar Wars\u201d-Le Creuset thing, and how clear it was that no one involved had even been especially angry. It\u2019s in episodes like this that Twitter manages to violate the discursive law that, until quite recently, prevented random Australians from yelling at you when you\u2019re trying to go to bed. In the real world, you can go 30-some years without ever encountering the sensitivities of the \u201cStar Wars\u201d cookware community. But Twitter can, if you tell it just the right thing, shoot every last one of them at you through a little door, creating a pocket of extreme heat without anyone having meant to do much at all. This is perhaps the central paradox of Twitter: It can produce enormous outcomes without meaningful inputs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I happen to know about Maxwell\u2019s Demon only because it makes an appearance in Thomas Pynchon\u2019s \u201cThe Crying of Lot 49,\u201d a 1966 novella centered on a clandestine communications network that is used by a baffling array of people (anarcho-syndicalists, tech geeks, assorted perverts and cranks) and seems particularly popular in San Francisco. Instead of mailboxes, it operates through a system of containers disguised to look like trash cans; the only one of these the protagonist finds is somewhere South of Market, just blocks from where Twitter would be born. It\u2019s a book I read 20 years ago. If I\u2019d come to it more recently, I doubt the mention of Maxwell would have stuck in my mind, thanks to either normal aging or some irreversible damage I\u2019ve done to my brain by staring at Twitter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I\u2019m glad I remembered it, because what I read when I pulled my copy down off the shelf was the best way of thinking about Twitter I\u2019ve encountered. In the novella, an East Bay inventor named John Nefastis has designed a box, complete with two pistons attached to a crankshaft and a flywheel, that he claims contains the molecule-sorting demon. It can be used to provide unlimited free energy, but it doesn\u2019t work unless there is someone sitting outside, looking at it. There was, Nefastis believed, a certain type of person, a \u201csensitive,\u201d capable of communicating with the demon within as it gathered its data on the billions of particles inside the box \u2014 positions, vectors, levels of excitement. The sensitive could process all that information, telling the demon which piston to fire. Together, the demon and the sensitive would move the molecules to and fro, creating a perpetual-motion machine. The box was a closed system, separate from the outside world, but it could nevertheless do work on anything it was connected to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pynchon\u2019s protagonist tries, and fails, to operate the Nefastis Machine. But when I open Twitter, I see a lot of people who&nbsp;<em>can<\/em>&nbsp;talk to that demon; who can process, intuitively, the positions and attitudes of unimaginable numbers of others; who know just what to tell the demon to make things move; who are happy, or close enough, spending hours sitting with the box, watching the pistons pump. Activists, politicians, journalists, comedians, snack-food brands and Stephen King \u2014 all have taken their turn at the box. Union organizers, venture capitalists, grad students and amateur historians \u2014 they could make the flywheel turn. No one even has to do much of anything to make it move. But none of us have the power to stop it, either. And at some point \u2014 back before we really knew what we were doing \u2014 we hooked those pistons up all over the place.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And though it seems unlikely that Twitter itself will disappear, the powerful mechanism it became over the years \u2014 the one that made an often unprofitable company so valuable in the first place; the one that allowed a collectively conjured illusion to transform the real world \u2014 seems to be sputtering and squealing, and all the noise is making it hard to communicate with the demon within. The platform could continue to operate in some form, even as the mechanism slowly rusts or eventually grinds to a halt. If that happens, the world would feel exactly the same \u2014 and utterly transformed. And I, and others, and maybe you, too, would have to contend with what we\u2019d really been doing the whole time: staring into a box, hoping to see it move.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Prop stylist: Ariana Salvato.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Willy Staley<\/strong>&nbsp;is a story editor for the magazine. He has written about the effort to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2022\/04\/07\/magazine\/billionaires.html\">count the country\u2019s billionaires,<\/a>&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/09\/29\/magazine\/sopranos.html\">TV show \u201cThe Sopranos,\u201d<\/a>&nbsp;the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/04\/13\/magazine\/mike-judge-the-bard-of-suck.html\">writer and director Mike Judge<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/interactive\/2019\/08\/29\/magazine\/tyshawn-jones.html\">the professional skateboarder Tyshawn Jones.<\/a>&nbsp;<strong>Jamie Chung<\/strong>&nbsp;is a photographer who has worked on nearly a dozen covers for the magazine. He won awards this year from American Photography and the Society of Publication Designers.&nbsp;<strong>Pablo Delcan<\/strong>&nbsp;is a designer and art director from Spain who is now based in Callicoon, N.Y. His work blends traditional and modern techniques across mediums like illustration, print design and animation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What Was Twitter, Anyway?, The New York Times Magazine, April 23, 2023 For a long time now, we&#8217;ve been describing much of social media as the antonym of personal growth. Scientifically proven by many studies basically. And so, even though we are a media\/information\/internet based organization in many ways, we have generally eschewed it and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001004,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,54],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14544"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1001004"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=14544"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14544\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14560,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14544\/revisions\/14560"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=14544"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=14544"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=14544"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}