{"id":15855,"date":"2024-12-15T23:31:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T07:31:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=15855"},"modified":"2025-11-15T23:10:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-16T07:10:29","slug":"issue-of-the-week-human-rights-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=15855","title":{"rendered":"Issue of the Week: Human Rights"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/planetearthfdn.org\/news\">Back to News<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/05\/multimedia\/00mom-daughter-apps-fgct\/00mom-daughter-apps-fgct-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Protesters in Santa hats holding signs that read: \u201cAll we want is safer devices for our kids.\u201d\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Child safety advocates demonstrated at the Apple Store this month in New York\u2019s Grand Central Terminal.Credit&#8230;Jeenah Moon for The New York Times<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once again, agruably the most important investigative journalist in the world, Michael H. Keller, has, with all due credit to The New York Times, made it impossible for you to avert your eyes, for society to continue it&#8217;s most pernicious avoidance, from child sexual abuse. The writer here designates Keller as such above because he is investigating and writing about the most horrific, damaging, unspeakable reality that as he put it in his original piece five years ago, is the &#8220;ugly mirror&#8221; society refuses to look into. We&#8217;ve followed and commented on this work from the start.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keller&#8217;s work in several pieces over the past year has focused &#8220;on parental involvement in the exploitation.&#8221; The worst, most insidious, single largest segment of abuse, from incest to selling their children&#8217;s sexual abuse to perpetrators.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This may be the worst to read, and the most important, of all his work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mother&#8217;s sexually abusing their children live, online, streaming on demand to predators world wide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this investigation, the victims of their own mothers are usually daughters. But make no mistake, the abuse of boys is for all practical purposes just as bad, by mothers, fathers, and others. More and more recognized every day now, as common sense instucted all along. UNICEF&#8217;s most recent statitistics of the hundreds of millions of abused children, showed 1 in 5 girls and women, 650 million, and about 1 in 6 boys and men, 530 million, alive today, have been subjected to sexual violence as children. It&#8217;s hard for girls and women or boys and men to come forward for many reasons&#8211;fear, shame, psychological dependence and many other things. But many experts indicate it&#8217;s harder for boys and men to come forward, because, among other things, the socially imposed definitions of masculinity. We&#8217;re approaching virtual parity in reporting of this torture, regardless of gender. The same is true of adults. Violence against women is widely known. But according to the CDC, about one in three men have experienced physical violence, sexual violence, or stalking by an intimate partner during their lifetime.&nbsp;The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS) reports that 46% of all intimate partner violence victims are men.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The intergenerational and other factors as tie-through-lines between these various facts have been reported and commented on here for years. The bottom line is that whoever has or decides to inflict the power of violence can be related to many things, but the abuse of power knows no gender, racial, ethnic, religious, political or other limits. Harm to the victims is just that, harm. And it cannot be underlined enough that children have no power and are always the victims, and only victims, one hundred percent, of the abuse committed against them. As has been said here many times, well over a billion child victims of abuse and neglect every year defines us as the most brutal and self destructive species imaginable, which unless it changes, will doom us all. As noted at length before, even though this atrocity has been going on through the ages, the accumlated damage to so many and all the social implications involved become unsustainable and fuel the social disintegration we are experiencing at a time of maximum acceleration of major issues of planetary survival.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The investigation by Keller focuses on mothers and women sexually abusing their own daughters, live on camera for the world to see as it occurs. Male predators are the focus of the consumers of this unimaginable hell. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea that mothers, whose essential instincts are supposed to be to protect their children, are the primary perpetrators of sexually abusing their children, is too much for a normal mind to comprehend or stomach. Added to this is the dimension Keller and colleagues have focused on like no others for five years&#8211;the enabling role, to put it mildly, of the tech companies in an online abuse context that has increased child sexual abuse exponentially, by now to hundreds of millions of crimes a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the same day (in print today, December 15, in the Sunday New York Times Magazine) the Times posted probably the most incisive, intelligent, multi-dimensional story on the dymanics of incest ever written, of a mother enabling the sexual abuse of her daughter by her partner. Alice Munro, the Nobel Prize winning author who died in May, was one of the best, and best known, writers of her time. Within weeks, her daughter, Andrea, told the story of her sexual abuse by Munro&#8217;s life partner and the enabling of it by her mother (who it is posited was sexually abused as a child herself), who instead of protecting her daughter, used the abuse as fodder for her novels as if she were the ultimate child advocate shining light on the intracies of the damage and delusion involved with incest and child abuse. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrea had been trying to tell her story for years, to her mother, her father, her mother&#8217;s biographer and others, only to be met with re-victimization, even when believed&#8211;the sickness of families, groups and society at large.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you don&#8217;t read these two articles, fully, attentively, immersing yourself in them, and apply what you learn to protecting children, then you are part of the problem. They are that fundamental and important. Fully taking the deep-dive is a liberating experience, as horrible as it is, because being in reality, in the end, is always infintely better than the alternative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here are the articles:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/12\/07\/us\/child-abuse-apple-google-apps.html\">On These Apps, the Dark Promise of Mothers Sexually Abusing Children<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-h-keller\">Michael H. Keller<\/a>, Decembder 8, 2024, The New York Times<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/es\/2024\/12\/11\/espanol\/abuso-sexual-infantil-apple-google-apps.html\">Leer en espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Smartphone apps downloaded from Apple and Google can allow parents and other abusers to connect with pedophiles who pay to watch \u2014 and direct \u2014 criminal behavior.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael H. Keller has been investigating online child sexual abuse for five years and has focused the past year on parental involvement in the exploitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[The following are from graphics at the start of the article.]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Users warned of child exploitation in reviews of smartphone apps.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>i guess its an app that you can do live streams and stuff and i understand a lot of this app is considered 18+ but if minors are being involved and exploited then thats an issue. I was under the impression this was an app for live streams that entertainers\/ comedy influencers go on but ive seen not many talk about the very weird side of the app.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Child abuse on the app<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Nope<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I have found people willing to serve there children on here for sexually acts on here so don&#8217;t buy it they say it&#8217;s free to download but this app could cost you some serious money please watch out if you do decide to get it I spent almost 50 to 60 dollars one time before I realized it was a scam<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Not safe<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>There are a lot of underage users on the app, and it doesn&#8217;t feel safe navigating it as an adult, and I wish the creators of the app would regulate who can and cannot sign up<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Sexy chat<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This app is DANGEROUS. It&#8217;s a pedophiles haven.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Child abuse on the app<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>i guess its an app that you can do live streams and stuff and i understand a lot of this app is considered 18+ but if minors are being involved and exploited then thats an issue. I was under the impression this was an app for live streams that entertainers\/ comedy influencers go on but ive seen not many talk about the very weird side of the app.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Human trafficking<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I have come to understand that this app is connected to a human trafficking ring. Many of the people say they need help and are also unable to clearly communicate with the viewer in order to receive help. Don&#8217;t download this app. Don&#8217;t feed the machine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Illegal content<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Porn with children they should be in prison shame on these demons<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Let&#8217;s be honest, why are there kids on here?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Your app is littered with underage children who are exploited. I will be letting anyone and everyone know your app is disgusting along with that fact l&#8217;ve reported it. This app obviously is for sick people and kids.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Human trafficking<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I have come to understand that this app is connected to a human trafficking ring. Many of the people say they need help and are also unable to clearly communicate with the viewer in order to receive help. Don&#8217;t download this app. Don&#8217;t feed the machine.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Let&#8217;s be honest, why are there kids on here?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Your app is littered with underage children who are exploited. I will be letting anyone and everyone know your app is disgusting along with that fact l&#8217;ve reported it. This app obviously is for sick people and kids.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>App is geared towards kids!,,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>PLEASE MAKE SURE THIS APP IS NOT ON YOUR KIDS TABLETS!!!!!!!!!! DISGUSTING APP<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Horrifying app<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I keep getting messages from adult type people asking me too talk too them and support them at all hours of the day and night if I wanted porn I would have gone to the site and signed up if you want hookers this is the sight for you<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Horrible for kids under and older<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>I was on a livestream and this man sent me a flash photo and it wouldn&#8217;t let me report it because I already looked and now I am traumatized because of it<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The promotional photo showed a mother affectionately hugging and kissing her daughter. The girl, around 8 years old, smiled into the camera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With a few swipes on their phones, men entered a livestream where they paid $150 to watch the mother sexually abuse the girl for 10 minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The horrendous activity wasn\u2019t hidden on some dark corner of the internet. It was available for anyone with an iPhone or Android to download from the Apple or Google app store.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The woman, who lives in Southeast Asia, promoted her livestream on Bigo Live, a video chat app where The New York Times viewed a screenshot of her profile early this year. When she was later contacted online by an undercover agent for the U.S. Department of Homeland Security \u2014 posing as a man interested in young girls \u2014 she directed him to another livestreaming app, where her pay-per-view sexual abuse had moved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since last year, The Times has been investigating the world of parents who run accounts on Instagram and elsewhere for their underage daughters and who post or sell racy photos of the girls, in some cases&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/11\/10\/us\/child-influencer.html\">earning large sums of money<\/a>. The Times&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/02\/22\/us\/instagram-child-influencers.html\">reported in February<\/a>&nbsp;that many of the so-called mom-run social media accounts with the biggest reach were overwhelmingly followed by adult men, including pedophiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The livestream apps downloaded from Apple and Google illustrate an even darker aspect of the social media technology boom, particularly for children living in poverty in developing countries. There, with the ease of a smartphone, parents and other adults can connect with pedophiles in the United States and elsewhere who pay to watch \u2014 and direct \u2014 criminal behavior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/05\/multimedia\/00mom-daughter-apps-fgct\/00mom-daughter-apps-fgct-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"Protesters in Santa hats holding signs that read: \u201cAll we want is safer devices for our kids.\u201d\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Child safety advocates demonstrated at the Apple Store this month in New York\u2019s Grand Central Terminal.Credit&#8230;Jeenah Moon for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After confirming the authenticity of the Bigo livestreamer with the authorities, The Times searched the Apple and Google app stores for other video chat apps. Reporters identified a sample of more than 80 apps that advertised children before stopping the search. They later contacted Homeland Security Investigations, the government\u2019s main law enforcement group for international exploitation, for comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The agency made the undercover agent available to answer questions, so long as he was not identified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The apps had not been a focus of the agency\u2019s work, the agent said, but the criminal activity mirrored that on dating websites he had investigated. There, men search for women, typically in Southeast Asia, who charge to sexually abuse children on camera.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While mothers or other family members are the most common culprits, he said, other adults \u2014 including members of criminal organizations \u2014 sometimes arrange the abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe number one customer base paying for this abuse is in the United States,\u201d the agent said. \u201cIt\u2019s not like they are abused once a day. It\u2019s 50 men getting 50 separate shows. They\u2019ll wake up these kids in the middle of the night to be abused.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The livestream apps follow different models. Some, like Bigo, are designed for a mainstream audience to watch dancers, gamers or other content creators. Viewers can reward streamers with in-app currency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Others are geared toward men looking for sexual encounters, and users can pay by the minute for private video chats. Although Apple and Google ban pornography from their stores, The Times found apps that showed nude adults in sexual poses. Some apps had names like \u201c18+ Live &amp; Video Chat,\u201d \u201cAdult Live Chat\u201d and \u201cAdult Calls, Love Chat.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Streamers of all kinds collect money from their broadcasts, and the owners of the apps also take a cut, as do Apple and Google. The two big tech companies typically collect between 15 and 30 percent as a fee for in-app purchases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In statements to The Times, neither Apple nor Google addressed the issue of in-app purchases for illegal streaming. Both companies said they had zero tolerance for child sexual abuse material and had removed or suspended the flagged apps. Both companies said they required app developers to police user-generated content on their platforms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re constantly on guard for these kinds of violations which carry severe penalties including removal from the store and termination from our developer program,\u201d Fred Sainz, an Apple spokesman, said. \u201cOur App Review team works 24\/7 to review every new app and app update to ensure it meets our quality and safety standards, including stringent requirements for apps with person-to-person interactions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Asked about The Times\u2019s sample of offending apps, Mr. Sainz said a majority had been detected during the company\u2019s standard review process, with an additional 20 taken down after an internal investigation in response to The Times\u2019s findings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karl Ryan, a Google spokesman, said the company \u201cdid not immediately uncover\u201d child sexual abuse material in the apps The Times had flagged, but it suspended them \u201cout of an abundance of caution\u201d while the apps\u2019 developers were contacted. \u201cWe take this issue extremely seriously,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of the apps on both platforms advertised sex shows or bestiality. The Apple App Store\u2019s search recommendations also helped The Times surface some of the apps advertising children by suggesting sexual terms such as \u201cx.x.x live.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In response, the company changed its search recommendations to no longer suggest adult content, Mr. Sainz said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/11\/multimedia\/1211-mom-daughter-apps-print1\/00mom-daughter-apps-kztc-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A woman in a blue uniform with medals looking out a window.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Brig. Gen. Portia B. Manalad of the Philippine National Police said her agency had rescued more than 500 children over the last five years. Many children abused online live in the Philippines.Credit&#8230;Ezra Acayan for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>One profile identified by The Times showed a woman in Vietnam offering \u201cHOT VIDEO\u201d and listed possible participants as two young sisters, a little girl, three little boys and a dog.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another woman in Vietnam described sex acts she could perform along with an invitation to \u201csee mother and daughter, son.\u201d A woman in the Philippines advertised \u201clil&amp;Mom\u201d and showed a preview video of a young girl. The profiles did not include abuse, which required payment to be viewed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The livestreaming of child sexual abuse is thought to be most common in the Philippines, though the data is limited.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijm.org.ph\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">International Justice Mission<\/a>, a global human rights organization with a program to protect minors in that country, commissioned a study last year that estimated&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ijm.org\/studies\/scale-of-harm-estimating-the-prevalence-of-trafficking-to-produce-child-sexual-exploitation-material-in-the-philippines\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 500,000 Filipino children<\/a>were being abused in the creation of illegal imagery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The country\u2019s top law enforcement official for such crimes, Brig. Gen. Portia B. Manalad of the Philippine National Police, said that she was aware of the apps, and that the agency had rescued more than 500 children and arrested more than 200 perpetrators \u2014 mostly relatives, \u201cusually the mother\u201d \u2014 over the last five years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe are trying our best to find the victims,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the United States, The Times found nearly 100 federal criminal cases over the past decade involving men paying to watch the livestreaming of child sexual abuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In October, a woman in South Dakota, Krystal Kay Bulin, was&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao-sd\/pr\/rapid-city-woman-sentenced-eight-years-federal-prison-facilitating-live-broadcast-child\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sentenced to eight years<\/a>&nbsp;in prison after she moderated a chat room during sexually explicit livestreams involving a 16-year-old girl. Ms. Bulin, the girl\u2019s temporary guardian, facilitated the livestreams on an app called BuzzCast to help pay for a speeding ticket, according to court records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Florida man, Christopher John Streeter, has been&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.gov\/usao-mdfl\/pr\/florida-man-who-financed-and-patronized-child-sex-trafficking-ring-philippines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">serving life in prison<\/a>&nbsp;since 2021 after sending roughly $130,000 over a decade to people in the Philippines to direct the rape of children as young as 12.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He paid a premium if the video depicted girls losing their virginity or suffering injuries because of the sexual violence. Court records show Mr. Streeter\u2019s victims were particularly vulnerable \u201cdue to poverty and illness.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result of that case, six abused girls were rescued by local authorities in conjunction with officers from Homeland Security Investigations. The undercover agent who spoke to The Times said such outcomes were especially gratifying because once a livestream session ends, the evidence often disappears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s a very difficult crime to investigate,\u201d he said. \u201cNo one knows that it happened, except the poor kid that was raped, the mother that did it and the guy who paid for it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By some measures, online child sexual abuse has increased in recent years. The distribution of such material surged during the pandemic, according to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20240204130446\/https:\/\/www.europol.europa.eu\/cms\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/internet_organised_crime_threat_assessment_iocta_2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">a study by Europol<\/a>, the European law enforcement agency. An investigator for the organization said rates had been elevated ever since.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNow, with these new livestreaming platforms and use of webcams, people can, from a relatively safe environment, abuse and direct the abuse of children from a distance in a very, very easy way,\u201d said the investigator, Danny van Althuis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/11\/multimedia\/1211-mom-daughter-apps-print1\/00mon-daughter-apps-vlfk-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A woman in a green blouse and white pants.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sarah Gardner leads a child safety advocacy group, the Heat Initiative.Credit&#8230;Jessica Pons for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Sarah Gardner, who leads a child safety advocacy group,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/09\/01\/technology\/child-sex-abuse-imagery-apple-safety-privacy.html\">the Heat Initiative<\/a>, said The Times\u2019s findings were particularly shocking given that Apple and Google both claim to hold apps on their marketplaces to the highest safety and content standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She faulted the two companies for allowing the livestreaming, and for facilitating and profiting from the payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe most powerful companies in the world are enabling the sexual abuse of a child to be livestreamed on the internet,\u201d she said. On Thursday, Ms. Gardner and others protested at Apple\u2019s store in New York\u2019s Grand Central Terminal, calling on the company to improve child safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Times learned of the streaming on Bigo Live from a 39-year-old man in Utah who had visited the woman\u2019s profile page on his iPhone in what he described as a period of suicidal depression. The man, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, paid $550 for the mother and another woman to sexually abuse their daughters, including the 8-year-old girl and another believed to be 3 or 4. Some of the payments were made through in-app tokens, but most of the money was transferred through PayPal, the man said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The man saved recordings of the sessions and reported them to the Canadian Center for Child Protection, which verified the abuse to The Times. He also reported the women to Bigo Live\u2019s support staff, emails show.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A PayPal spokeswoman said the company worked with law enforcement around the world to help stop child exploitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bigo Live said that when it received the report from the Utah man, \u201cwe took appropriate action against the creators involved, including account suspension and content removal.\u201d In its statement, the company said it was \u201cdeeply committed to protecting user safety\u201d and was \u201ccontinuously improving our technology and procedures.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When The Times searched for other smartphone apps with similar content, many were hiding in plain sight. In reviews posted to Apple\u2019s and Google\u2019s app stores, users warned of child exploitation on some apps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reviews for the apps Bigo Live, Gaze, Superlive and Tango mentioned parents sexually exploiting their children, according to an analysis by The Times and Brian Levine, a professor at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, who has created&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2023\/08\/10\/business\/sextortion-ai-app-danger-project-safety-reviews.html\">a database of app reviews<\/a>&nbsp;with Hany Farid, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. (Some apps were also identified with help from Primal Wijesekera, a research scientist at the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/icsi.berkeley.edu\/icsi\/about\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">International Computer Science Institute<\/a>, where he maintains searchable records of the app stores.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWomen use kids in their streams to promote child X and BIGO just let\u2019s it happen. Do not, repeat, do not download this disgusting app,\u201d one user wrote on the Apple App Store, using an abbreviation for \u201cchild exploitation.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI have found people willing to serve there children on here,\u201d one user wrote about Gaze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BuzzCast and Superlive did not respond to requests for comment. Representatives for Gaze and Tango said their companies had no tolerance for child sexual abuse material and pointed to multiple moderation systems they used to enforce their standards. They said that they took user reviews seriously, and also that the negative reviews were unrepresentative and may have been written by competitors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe are deeply committed to ensuring the safety of our platform,\u201d said Dor Isseroff, chief operating officer of Tango, adding that he was confident the app was not used to stream abuse, though some users were advertising the activity on other platforms. He said the company used information from the accounts The Times discovered to upgrade its moderation systems, and on Friday \u201cidentified and suspended dozens of profiles that violated our guidelines.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quantifying the illegal activity is difficult, but it has become prevalent enough that Homeland Security last year&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/2023-04\/23_0420_plcy_2023-qhsr.pdf\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">added<\/a>&nbsp;\u201ccrimes of exploitation,\u201d which includes child sexual abuse, to its list of priorities, putting it on par with terrorism and border security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro N. Mayorkas said in an interview that he had been aware of the issue since serving in the Obama administration. The problem has only grown, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI decided to lift its profile up and to devote the resources and attention accordingly,\u201d Mr. Mayorkas said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Government officials in the European Union, too, have been working to make it easier to combat the livestreaming of child sexual abuse, which has been made difficult by differing laws.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_24_631\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">A proposal<\/a>&nbsp;would update the bloc\u2019s criminal code to facilitate cross-border investigations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In June, Homeland Security organized an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/hsi\/news\/2024\/07\/02\/hsi-europol-joint-operation-generates-197-new-leads-criminal-buyers-child-sex-abuse\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">investigative \u201csprint\u201d<\/a>with Europol, in which officials from 10 countries shared data from various investigations. It generated leads on nearly 200 \u201ccriminal buyers,\u201d a Europol spokeswoman said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the livestreaming apps may be relatively new to many authorities, they have been around for years. Many of the apps launched during the pandemic, when interest in live video surged. On the dark web, they have also been a topic of interest, according to the Canadian Center for Child Protection, which monitors such activity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In one post mentioning Tango in January, a user shared a screenshot of a young girl and inquired: \u201cCan anyone share the videos of this cutie who shows and masturbates along with her sister and mother in other videos?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During 13 years working undercover, the Homeland Security agent said, he had helped rescue 286 children. He said the woman in the Southeast Asia case had been identified and the agency was now working with local authorities to rescue the 8-year-old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Next year, he will take part in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.gov\/know2protect\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">online safety education sessions for teenagers<\/a>&nbsp;and train more agents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Still, he said, \u201cwe\u2019ve probably infiltrated .0001 percent of the actual abuse that\u2019s occurring.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Jennifer Valentino-DeVries&nbsp;contributed reporting. Produced by&nbsp;Gray Beltran&nbsp;and&nbsp;Rumsey Taylor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-h-keller\">Michael H. Keller<\/a>&nbsp;is a Times reporter who combines traditional reporting and computer programming. His work has examined technology\u2019s impact on society and shortcomings of the criminal justice system.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/by\/michael-h-keller\">More about Michael H. Keller<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>. . .<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/wp-admin\/post.php?post=15855&amp;action=edit\">What Alice Munro Knew<\/a><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By&nbsp;Giles Harvey, Dec. 8, 2024, The New York Times<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Nobel-winning author\u2019s husband was a pedophile who targeted her daughter and other children. Why did she stay silent?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/12\/08\/magazine\/100000009875862\">Leer en espa\u00f1ol<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/12\/magazine\/12mag-Munro-Illo1\/12mag-Munro-Illo1-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A photo illustration of Alice Munro collaged with the legs of a young girl.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Credit&#8230;Photo illustration by Vanessa Saba<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMy life has gone rosy, again,\u201d Alice Munro told a friend in a buoyant letter of March 1975. For Munro, who was then emerging as one of her generation\u2019s leading writers, the previous few years were blighted by heartbreak and upheaval: a painful separation from her husband of two decades; a retreat from British Columbia back to her native Ontario; a series of brief but bruising love affairs, in which, it seems, Munro could never quite make out the writing on the wall. \u201c<em>This<\/em>&nbsp;time it\u2019s real,\u201d she wrote, speaking of a new romantic partner, the emphasis acknowledging that her friend had heard these words before. \u201cHe\u2019s 50, free, a good man if I ever saw one, tough and gentle like in the old tire ads, and this is the big thing \u2014 grown-up.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The man was Gerald Fremlin, a retired civil servant and geographer, who hailed from the same corner of Ontario as Munro. They would be together for nearly 40 years, until Fremlin\u2019s death in 2013. His knowledge of Huron County, where most of Munro\u2019s fiction is set, became a vital resource for her work. Munro amassed a thicket of honors, including the Nobel Prize in Literature, in 2013, by turning this parochial backwater, with its \u201cfalling-down barns\u201d and \u201cburdensome old churches,\u201d into a stage for the whole human comedy, like Joyce\u2019s Dublin or Faulkner\u2019s Mississippi. Never one to take herself too seriously, she housed her many awards in a revolving spice rack at her second home, a condo on Vancouver Island.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLuck exists, so does love, and I was right to go after it,\u201d Munro concluded in her letter about Fremlin. The judgment would prove premature. This July, two months after Munro\u2019s death at the age of 92, Andrea Skinner, the youngest of her three daughters, revealed in an&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/opinion\/contributors\/my-stepfather-sexually-abused-me-when-i-was-a-child-my-mother-alice-munro-chose\/article_8415ba7c-3ae0-11ef-83f5-2369a808ea37.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">essay in The Toronto Star<\/a>&nbsp;that Fremlin had sexually abused her. In the summer of 1976, Andrea wrote, she went to visit Munro and Fremlin at their home in Ontario. (According to her parents\u2019 custody agreement, she spent the rest of the year in Victoria, British Columbia, with her father, Jim Munro, and his new wife.) One night, while Munro was away, Andrea awoke to discover that Fremlin had climbed into bed next to her. He was rubbing her genitals and pressing her hand over his penis. She was 9 years old.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fremlin warned Andrea not to tell her mother: The news would kill her, he said. Andrea obeyed, but when she returned to Victoria that fall, she confided in her stepbrother, Andrew. Andrew told his mother, who then told Jim Munro. Rather than alert his ex-wife, Jim instructed the family to stay quiet. He worried that the disclosure would wreck Munro\u2019s new relationship and that he would then be blamed. The next summer, Andrea returned to Ontario accompanied by her older sister Sheila, whom Jim charged with keeping Andrea safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For years, Andrea did her best to make sure that she was never alone with Fremlin, she told me recently, but she had to balance her fear against a competing imperative: to shield her mother from the truth. Munro knew that Andrea loved to swim, so on the occasions when Fremlin offered to drive her to a nearby river, it felt impossible to refuse without arousing suspicion. During one such outing, he propositioned her for sex. Andrea turned bright red as she managed to walk away. On the drive home, Fremlin complained to her about how unsatisfying he found his sex life with Munro. The harassment ended only when Andrea reached puberty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Andrea, the silence was internally corrosive. She developed a suite of ailments (bulimia, insomnia, debilitating migraines), which later forced her to drop out of college. It wasn\u2019t until 1992, when she was 25, that she finally confided in Munro about what had happened. One day when Andrea was visiting, Munro told her about a short story from a recently published book, \u201cMarine Life,\u201d by Linda Svendsen, in which a girl commits suicide after being abused by her father. \u201cWhy didn\u2019t she tell her mother?\u201d asked Munro, who wrote in a blurb for the book that the story left her \u201cshaking.\u201d A month later, Andrea sent her a letter. \u201cWhen you told me about that story,\u201d she wrote, \u201cI wanted to cry and hold you and thank you and TELL YOU. I have been afraid all my life that you would blame me for what happened.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Munro\u2019s response made it clear that she was right to be afraid. It was \u201cas if she had learned of an infidelity,\u201d Andrea recalled in her essay for The Star. Munro left Fremlin and fled to their condo on Vancouver Island. When Andrea visited her there, she was amazed by Munro\u2019s self-pity. \u201cShe believed my father had made us keep the secret in order to humiliate her,\u201d Andrea wrote. \u201cShe then told me about other children Fremlin had \u2018friendships\u2019 with, emphasizing her own sense that she, personally, had been betrayed.\u201d Fremlin, meanwhile, sent a series of unhinged letters to the family, in which he acknowledged the abuse but claimed that it was Andrea who seduced&nbsp;<em>him<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The family did what families often do after an episode of abuse: They carried on as if nothing happened. Munro took Fremlin back after just a few weeks, and for years Andrea continued to visit them. It was the arrival of her own children, twins born in 2002, that brought clarity to her emotional haze. Andrea told her mother she didn\u2019t want Fremlin anywhere near them. Munro objected that visiting without Fremlin would be inconvenient, because she couldn\u2019t drive. \u201cI blew my top,\u201d Andrea told a reporter for The Star. \u201cI started to scream into the phone about having to squeeze and squeeze and squeeze that penis, and at some point I asked her how she could have sex with someone who\u2019d done that to her daughter.\u201d The next day, Munro called her back \u2014 not to apologize but to forgive Andrea for how she had spoken to her. It was the end of their relationship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2004, this magazine ran a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2004\/10\/24\/magazine\/northern-exposures.html\">profile of Munro<\/a>, who was about to publish her 11th book, the widely celebrated \u201cRunaway.\u201d Throughout the article, Munro speaks lovingly of Fremlin, whom she says she was \u201cenormously lucky\u201d to have met. She is also described as being \u201cclose today to her three daughters.\u201d Floored by her mother\u2019s dishonesty, Andrea felt as if she was being erased. She gathered the letters that Fremlin sent in 1992 and took them to the police. When an officer arrived at their house to arrest him, he reported that Munro was apoplectic, denouncing her daughter as a liar. In March 2005, Fremlin, then 80, quietly pleaded guilty to indecent assault and was sentenced to two years\u2019 probation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For years, Andrea tried to make her story public, with no success. In 2005, she approached the Canadian academic Robert Thacker, who was putting the final touches on a biography of Munro, and asked him to include the abuse in his book. After stewing on it for a day or two, he declined. \u201cI\u2019m an archival scholar,\u201d he told me, explaining his decision. \u201cThat\u2019s not the kind of book I was writing.\u201d What he was writing, he said, was a \u201cbiography of Alice Munro\u2019s texts.\u201d The distinction is hard to sustain: Munro\u2019s stories \u2014 particularly those from the years after she learned of the abuse \u2014 are full of violated children, negligent mothers and marriages founded on secrets and lies. That Munro apparently derived these themes from a real-life episode has made her work feel suddenly transparent, as though it has been injected with a contrast dye, revealing zones of private meaning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Munro seems to have spent much of her career absorbed by the same questions that readers have asked since Andrea published her essay. Why did she not protect her daughter? What led her to take Fremlin back? How could a writer who was capable of such power on the page prove so feeble in real life? In the months since the revelations, I revisited Munro\u2019s stories, spoke with members of her family and tracked down a number of her unpublished letters. Munro\u2019s appalling failures as a mother seem to have been an imaginative incitement, instrumental to her artistic project \u2014 something that Andrea may have grasped before anyone else. When Thacker wrote back to Andrea in 2005, he offered to remove from his book any passages that mentioned her and Fremlin together. \u201cNo, you do not understand,\u201d Andrea said to me last month, describing her response. \u201cThis is intimately linked to the work my mother does.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In Canada, Munro<\/strong>&nbsp;was known as \u201cSaint Alice,\u201d a paragon of virtue and compassion. Now she has come to symbolize something else: maternal dereliction. In the days after&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2024\/07\/09\/books\/alice-munro-reactions.html\">news of the abuse broke<\/a>, social media filled up with photos of Munro\u2019s books discarded in recycling bins. The University of Western Ontario, her alma mater, announced that it was \u201cpausing\u201d its Alice Munro Chair in Creativity so as to \u201ccarefully consider Munro\u2019s legacy and her ties to Western.\u201d Writers who once celebrated her work and openly acknowledged its influence on their own began to reconsider their allegiance. \u201cThese revelations not only crush Munro\u2019s legacy as a person, but they make the stories that were, in retrospect, so clearly about those unfathomable betrayals basically unreadable as anything but half-realized confessions,\u201d the author Rebecca Makkai, who is herself a survivor of childhood sexual abuse, reacted in The Times. \u201cTo me, that makes them unreadable at all.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Before the recent news emerged, my own opinion of Munro\u2019s fiction could hardly have been higher. She seemed to have a more direct access to reality than any of her contemporaries, whose work, by comparison, could feel contrived and paper thin. It had been several years since I last picked up her books, but my memory was of paragraphs as thick with life \u2014 with fleeting earthly data \u2014 as the background of a Bruegel. In one story, set in the 1930s, a poor family has a bathroom installed in the corner of their kitchen, the only place it will fit. The walls are made of beaverboard, so that \u201ceven the tearing of a piece of toilet paper, the shifting of a haunch, was audible to those working or talking or eating in the kitchen.\u201d This leads to an unspoken agreement, whereby \u201cno one ever seemed to hear, or be listening, and no reference was made. The person creating the noises in the bathroom was not connected with the person who walked out.\u201d It\u2019s a short aside, but it contains, in miniature, so many of Munro\u2019s great themes: family, shame, strategic silences, the open secret of the body and its needs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When I went back to the stories this summer, full of the same anger I saw coursing around the internet, I was afraid I would find them, as Makkai described, \u201clike half-realized confessions\u201d \u2014 misshapen, off-balance, chaotic with grief. Instead, I was struck by their utter composure. In the work Munro produced after learning what happened to her daughter, she seems to bear down on her horror and disgust with an implacable resolve. The struggle is made clear in an unpublished letter to her agent and close friend, Virginia Barber, dated May 1993, which was among her papers at the University of Calgary:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI thought I\u2019d write and tell you the fate of the latest story, because it\u2019s usually hard to talk frankly on the phone. I\u2019ve been working on it \u2014 the story \u2014 since March, and it\u2019s about The Subject, though thoroughly disguised and all pretty effectively constructed. I could do all the parts but the central thing, and when I approached that \u2014 and I tried from various angles \u2014 I got sick (I mean really throwing up) and felt very bleak. This has happened three or four times, and I realized finally I might sort of break apart. So I burned it (not to be tempted to go on). That\u2019s where matters stand now, and I\u2019m just gingerly (no pun) trying to start something else and regain my equilibrium. Which I&nbsp;<em>can do<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Munro, it appears, did go on with the story about \u201cThe Subject\u201d: \u201cVandals,\u201d which appeared in The New Yorker five months later, is a cleareyed meditation on willful blindness and the tragedies it can precipitate. Bea Doud, an aging divorc\u00e9e, has fallen for a man named Ladner, an Army veteran with a milewide misanthropic streak. There is something in Bea, some hidden primal wound, that responds to Ladner\u2019s harshness. Certain women, she muses, thinking of herself, \u201cmight be always on the lookout for an insanity that could contain them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/15\/magazine\/15mag-munro-03\/15mag-munro-03-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A black-and-white photograph of Alice Munro.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Alice Munro in 1979.Credit&#8230;Paul Stephen Pearson\/Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Ladner lives in gothic isolation on a remote tract of land, which he has transformed into a nature preserve full of taxidermied animals. Most people are shooed away, but he makes an exception for two young children, Liza and Kenny, a neglected sister and brother, who live across the road and often come to play on his property. The pair have lost their mother, and when Bea, who is childless, starts to live there, she becomes a highly welcome stand-in. At moments, the four of them seem almost like a family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reality is otherwise. With tremendous subtlety, Munro reveals to us that Ladner has been sexually abusing Liza for years. Bea, whose perspective we inhabit for the first part of the story, seems not to notice what is happening. It is only when we shift to Liza\u2019s point of view that the truth starts coming into focus, though even then Munro inhabits the child\u2019s defenseless confusion. In a crucial scene, Ladner makes fun of Bea behind her back, imitating the clumsy way she plods into a lake. It is a performance intended for Liza\u2019s eyes only, a way of signaling that it is her, not Bea, with whom he shares the greater intimacy. When Bea looks around and sees what he is doing, Liza is distraught. \u201cIt seemed to her that Bea would have to go away. How could she stay after such an insult \u2014 how could she put up with any of them?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Bea goes nowhere. Her obsessive dependency keeps her tethered to Ladner. It also thwarts Liza\u2019s unvoiced hope that Bea will somehow rescue her, or at least find a way to keep Ladner in check. \u201cShe could spread safety if she wanted to,\u201d the child desperately thinks. \u201cSurely she could do it. If only she could turn herself into somebody firm and serious, a hard-and-fast, clean-sweeping sort of woman, whose love was deep and sensible.\u201d It doesn\u2019t happen. Years later, in an act of vengeance, Liza comes by Bea and Ladner\u2019s house when the couple aren\u2019t at home and trashes the place. She goes about it methodically, pouring out liquor on the floor and trampling Ladner\u2019s taxidermied birds, as though composing her masterpiece. Liza\u2019s poise is emblematic of the story as a whole, which unflappably narrates a more intangible destruction \u2014 that of her childhood self.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What makes \u201cVandals\u201d so unbearably poignant \u2014 Liza\u2019s need and Bea\u2019s failure to protect her \u2014 is the same thing that now makes it so enraging. The empathy Munro showers on her fictional child was apparently withheld from her real one, an operation that she seems to have considered fundamental to her work as a writer. In an early story, Munro describes a fiction writer, ambivalently, as someone who has figured out \u201cwhat to do about everything they run across in this world, what attitude to take, how to ignore or use things.\u201d It\u2019s clear from her letter to Barber that Munro was just such a person, going quickly to work on a personal tragedy and extracting what was usable. Whatever else \u201cVandals\u201d may reveal or conceal, it is clearly a product of authority and control, qualities Munro spent her whole life chasing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Munro grew up<\/strong>&nbsp;as a hostage to circumstance in Wingham, Ontario, where the Victorian age, she once remarked, ended only with World War II. Her mother was a puritanical control freak, full of voguish ideas about child-rearing. One of them involved administering enemas to regulate her daughter\u2019s bowel movements. Munro resented all forms of coercion and often acted out. In the early 1940s, when her mother started showing the first signs of Parkinson\u2019s disease (fatigue, tremors and a tripwire temper), their frequent quarrels grew explosive. Munro\u2019s father, who raised foxes for their fur, would be summoned to adjudicate. Sheila Munro, in her poignant and illuminating memoir, \u201cLives of Mothers and Daughters\u201d (2001), describes these parental courts-martial: \u201cWhat my mother found most painful was her perception that \u2018a story was being told on me that wasn\u2019t true\u2019 and that she was never allowed to tell her side of the story.\u201d Munro was sometimes violently beaten \u2014 an early lesson in the power of narrative and the danger of losing control of it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWriter\u201d was hardly a plausible career for someone raised in rural poverty in Depression-era Wingham, especially a girl. \u201cPeople never asked, \u2018Am I happy?\u2019\u201d Munro later said of the place where she grew up. \u201cSelf-fulfillment wasn\u2019t a concept.\u201d She began writing anyway, cannibalizing her indecorous origins. Her early work, published while she was raising a family in Vancouver, was assured but undistinguished. The deaths of her parents, her mother in 1959 and her father in 1976, cleared the way for a new candor and artistic leaps forward.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In \u201cRoyal Beatings,\u201d from 1977, her first story to appear in The New Yorker, she evokes the thrashings she received as a child and the wounded reveries that followed. \u201cShe will never speak to them, she will never look at them with anything but loathing, she will never forgive them,\u201d Rose, the protagonist, thinks of her parents. \u201cShe will punish them; she will finish them. Encased in these finalities, and in her bodily pain, she floats in curious comfort, beyond herself, beyond responsibility.\u201d This fantasy of total retribution, Munro suggests with typical shrewdness, is how Rose consoles herself for what she has just been through. The story is more compassionate than Rose\u2019s fantasy, but still it carries a retributive sting. Munro was finally telling her side.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Many of her characters struggle to tell theirs. In \u201cWild Swans,\u201d published the following year, a teenage Rose is on a train alone to Toronto when a minister climbs aboard and sits down beside her. Feigning sleep, he puts a hand on her leg. Rose is paralyzed, feeling both arousal and disgust, as the man proceeds to sexually molest her. \u201cShe was careful of her breathing,\u201d Munro writes. \u201cShe could not believe this. Victim and accomplice she was borne past Glassco\u2019s Jams and Marmalades, past the big pulsating pipes of oil refineries.\u201d The story is acute about Rose\u2019s psychology. In the prudish atmosphere of her family home, she has learned to be ashamed of her desire, a subject that is taboo. It is this that has conditioned her to see herself, like Liza in \u201cVandals,\u201d as partly to blame for what is happening, both \u201cvictim and accomplice.\u201d Her susceptibility to abuse is also a susceptibility to other people\u2019s narratives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In Munro\u2019s stories, abused young women invariably keep quiet.<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>This wasn\u2019t the first time Munro wrote about unwanted sexual contact. One of her first works of fiction, \u201cStory for Sunday,\u201d published in her college literary magazine, features a girl who is kissed on the lips by the superintendent of her Sunday school. She, too, is unexpectedly aroused. In the title story from Munro\u2019s second book, \u201cLives of Girls and Women\u201d (1971), the sexually curious teenage heroine is groomed by the boyfriend of her family\u2019s boarder. Whether these episodes are based on real-life experience, like the physical abuse at the heart of \u201cRoyal Beatings,\u201d has become a subject of intense speculation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When an interviewer once asked Munro if her work was autobiographical, she replied: \u201cI guess I have a standard answer to this \u2026 in incident \u2014 no \u2026 in emotion \u2014 completely. In incident up to a point too.\u201d The Canadian novelist Margaret Atwood, who was one of Munro\u2019s friends, told me she thought it \u201cvery, very likely\u201d that Munro was sexually abused as a girl, if only because sexual abuse is so common. \u201cPeeping Toms\u201d and \u201cgropers on trains,\u201d Atwood wrote to me, were a \u201cdime a dozen\u201d in what she called \u201cthe Dark Ages.\u201d In small towns like Wingham, there was a social imperative to keep such things private. \u201cEverybody knew stuff about other people,\u201d Atwood said. \u201cWhat you most feared was being shamed and ridiculed.\u201d Nowhere is this more apparent than in Munro\u2019s stories themselves: Her abused young women invariably keep quiet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Munro married her first husband, Jim, a classmate at the University of Western Ontario, in 1951, when she was 20. Jim was from a well-off family in Oakville, near Toronto, and he promised his bride an escape from the social world she grew up in. They shared a passion for art and literature, but his undisguised disdain for her working-class origins (he was always correcting her Huron County accent) was an ongoing source of tension. Munro chafed against the conventions of their suburban existence in Vancouver. \u201cLife was very tightly managed as a series of permitted recreations, permitted opinions and permitted ways of being a woman,\u201d she said in an interview decades after they were divorced. \u201cThe only outlet, I thought, was flirting with other people\u2019s husbands at parties.\u201d Munro and Jim were both energetically unfaithful. When Andrea was born in 1967, the marriage was already on the rocks. \u201cNot enough jelly on the diaphragm\u201d was how Munro explained the timing to her two elder daughters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Writing was Munro\u2019s vocation; mothering was not. \u201cI\u2019m terribly grateful that I had them,\u201d she once said of her daughters. \u201cYet I have to realize, I probably wouldn\u2019t have had them if I had the choice.\u201d Sheila Munro\u2019s memoir would appear to bear this out. The book is a portrait of unbending dedication to literature, a child\u2019s-eye view of a stubbornly turned back. Munro, we learn, often wrote in the laundry room, surrounded by domestic impedimenta: washer, dryer, ironing board. She snatched time for her fiction between household chores or while Sheila and her sisters were napping or at school. \u201cShe had to write \u2014 not only to write, but to write a masterpiece \u2014 and how could she possibly write a masterpiece with me dragging her fingers off the typewriter keys or pulling the pencil out of her hand,\u201d reads a starkly symbolic passage. \u201c\u2018Come and see,\u2019 I would command, \u2018come and see,\u2019 and she would fend me off with one hand while keeping her other hand on the keys.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Munro had made a conscious decision to be the opposite kind of mother from her own (whom she saw, according to Sheila, as \u201cmoralistic, demanding, smothering and emotionally manipulative\u201d), and almost nothing was off limits for discussion: haircuts and face lifts, friendships and love affairs. With her mother, Sheila felt, \u201cI could get places \u2014 of insight, and awareness, and wonder \u2014 that I could reach with no one else.\u201d But as she said to me recently, she has come to feel she misread the intimacy they shared. Though her mother was deeply interested in the stories Sheila told her as she entered adulthood, she seemed to relate to them more as narratives than as events in the life of her eldest child. \u201cThe point was to talk about everything and reveal everything, not to come up with a solution,\u201d Sheila said to me, describing her mother\u2019s attitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cYou use up your childhood,\u201d Munro told The Paris Review in 1994. \u201cThe deep, personal material of the latter half of your life is your children.\u201d What it\u2019s like to be used by your mother in this way is something we learn from Sheila\u2019s memoir, in which she says she has trouble distinguishing personal memories from her mother\u2019s fiction: \u201cSometimes I even feel as though I\u2019m living inside an Alice Munro story.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the mid-1970s, around the time Munro was starting her relationship with Fremlin, she offered Sheila some candid advice about a boy she was dating, a brash undergraduate who had taken a creative-writing class with Munro. \u201cThe point is you have to withdraw attention \u2014 either as a tactic or to save yourself,\u201d Munro wrote in a letter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAs long as you\u2019re there, suffering and bitching, but there, hung up on him, the situation is not going to change. Being in love that way just isn\u2019t good, there must be a better, self-sufficient way to love. (I am preaching to myself as well as you.) Get so you don\u2019t need him. Work at it. Then of course he may come back all humbled and interested \u2026 Women like us have got to get away from emotional dependency or life is just one dreary man-made seesaw.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Munro, at least, emotional dependency was not so easily shrugged off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Munro and Fremlin<\/strong>&nbsp;first crossed paths in the late 1940s, when they knew each other, slightly, at the University of Western Ontario \u2014 enough, at least, for Munro to develop a crush. Fremlin, an Air Force veteran who flew bombing missions over Germany, was a few years older than the other students. With his outspoken atheism and moody good looks, Fremlin struck Munro as a Byronic figure, full of danger and allure. After graduating, he sent her a fan letter about a story she published in the campus literary magazine, though to Munro\u2019s disappointment, the message carried zero trace of romantic intent. By then, she was already engaged to Jim. More than 20 years went by before she saw Fremlin again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By that point, in the aftermath of her marriage, Munro had taken a short-term job as a writer in residence at her alma mater and was living near campus with Andrea, who was 7, and her middle daughter, Jenny, who was 16. (Sheila, then 21, was working at the bookstore that Munro and Jim had opened in Victoria.) After a national radio interview, in which Munro mentioned that she was back in Western Ontario, she received a call from Fremlin, who asked her if she wanted to meet up. During a three-martini lunch, Munro learned that Fremlin had recently moved back to Clinton, his hometown, a half-hour drive from Wingham. He had never married or lived with a woman. \u201cWe rapidly became very well acquainted,\u201d she later recalled \u2014 probably a euphemism. \u201cI think we were talking about living together by the end of the afternoon.\u201d Before long, she moved into Fremlin\u2019s childhood home, a white Victorian gingerbread cottage with a garden full of maple trees, where he was caring for his elderly mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like Munro, Fremlin was from modest circumstances, a deep source of connection for the couple. He seems to have been something like the opposite of his precursor: brusque and eccentric where Jim was staid and genteel. \u201cIt was this stick-it-up your-ass, let\u2019s-cut-through-the-bullshit kind of attitude,\u201d Sheila said of Fremlin, whom she compared to Ladner from \u201cVandals.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When Bea first meets Ladner, she is in a relationship with a well-meaning high school teacher named Peter Parr, whose idea it is to drive out and take a look at Ladner\u2019s nature preserve. They are told to go away in no uncertain terms. Peter, with \u201chis geniality\u201d and \u201cgood intentions,\u201d is instantly eclipsed. Trying to explain the phenomenon in a letter to a friend, Bea writes that \u201cshe would hate to think she had gone after Ladner because he was rude and testy and slightly savage \u2026 because wasn\u2019t that the way in all the dreary romances \u2014 some brute gets the woman tingling and then it\u2019s goodbye to Mr. Fine and Decent?\u201d A few days later, she is driving back to see Ladner on her own. \u201cShe had to feel sorry for herself, in her silk underwear. Her teeth chattered. She pitied herself for being a victim of such wants.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Munro referred to Fremlin as her second husband, but in fact they were never legally married. Instead the couple staged what Sheila called a \u201cmock wedding\u201d in their backyard, at which Munro wore denim overalls and a white veil. (It\u2019s unclear if anyone attended.) The sardonic gesture seems typical of their relationship, which might better be described as a cult of two. Munro suffered from a deep shame at having grown up in poverty. The plaudits she received from the outside world did little to alleviate it, Andrea believes, because they were all conditioned on her talent as a writer. Only Fremlin, Munro felt, accepted her untransfigured self, the working-class girl with a country accent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The reverse side of acceptance was dependency. Sheila detected a power imbalance in her mother\u2019s relationship with Fremlin. Though the couple shared a passion for literature and a caustic sense of humor, they were also prone to vicious arguments. \u201cShe would be wearing sunglasses, just quietly weeping at things he had said to her,\u201d Sheila recalled. She got the sense that Fremlin often criticized Munro\u2019s appearance. \u201cSometimes I wondered if he harbored an aversion to the mature woman\u2019s body, that he couldn\u2019t always conceal,\u201d Sheila told me. Once, in the late \u201970s, she arrived for a visit only to be told by her mother that the two of them \u2014 Alice and Sheila \u2014 were going to stay at a hotel. That night, in their shared room, Sheila could hear her mother crying in bed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jenny, who wrote&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/opinion\/contributors\/dont-tell-your-mother-i-wish-id-broken-the-silence-in-alice-munros-house\/article_90f62710-4092-11ef-b8b3-5b9e70d3fe21.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">her own essay for The Star<\/a>, remembers that there was \u201clots of banter and jokes, often sexual or scatological jokes,\u201d between Fremlin and his youngest stepdaughter. \u201cMom would feign shock,\u201d she wrote. \u201cI could feel the tension and darkness there, how Mom seemed helpless to ever draw the line.\u201d In a letter to Jenny in 1992, Fremlin gave his own account of the triangle. \u201cWe had a sort of a pedagogical theory to the effect that Andrea was a person, not a child i.e. not a child as we were children in a very repressive adult world. The general idea was that no subjects, questions or language were barred.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/15\/magazine\/15mag-munro-02\/15mag-munro-02-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A black-and-white portrait of Andrea Skinner.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Andrea Skinner, the youngest of Alice Munro\u2019s daughters, in Port Hope, Ontario, in July.Credit&#8230;Steve Russell\/Toronto Star, via Getty Images<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fremlin\u2019s rhetoric echoes that of a countercultural movement in the 1970s that called for the sexual liberation of children and is now regarded as a bad-faith effort to mainstream pedophilia. \u201cIn front of my mother,\u201d Andrea wrote in The Star, \u201che told me that many cultures in the past weren\u2019t as \u2018prudish\u2019 as ours, and it used to be considered normal for children to learn about sex by engaging in sex with adults.\u201d Fremlin acknowledged that his sexual preferences were \u201cnot in accordance with the canons of public respectability,\u201d as he put it in one of the letters he sent to Munro\u2019s family in 1992. \u201cIt is my contention that Andrea invaded my bedroom for sexual adventure,\u201d he wrote. \u201cIf she were in fact afraid, she could have left at any time. She was sexually receptive and mildly aggressive. While the scene is degenerate, this is indeed Lolita and Humbert. For Andrea to say she was \u2018scared\u2019 is simply a lie or a latter-day invention.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Andrea was not the only child Fremlin targeted. This August, an Ontario woman named Jane Morrey, whose parents were friends with Fremlin, told The Toronto Star that he exposed himself to her in 1969, when she was 9. The incident followed years of grooming, she said. Andrea believes there may have been others. Fremlin owned a cabin in the Ottawa Valley, and he and Munro would sometimes take Andrea to stay there in the summers. One year she got to know a group of siblings who lived nearby, the youngest of whom, a girl, was around her age. Andrea suspects that these were the children with whom Fremlin had \u201cfriendships,\u201d as Munro put it in 1992.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How much did Munro know? Andrea remembers another couple who were friends of Fremlin\u2019s contacting Munro around 1978 to inform her that he had exposed himself to their 14-year-old daughter. Fremlin denied it, but it\u2019s unclear how reassured Munro really was. In 2008, a few years after Thacker\u2019s biography appeared, Munro confessed to him that she had sometimes entertained dark thoughts about her partner. According to Andrea, Munro came to suspect that Fremlin was responsible for the rape and murder of Lynne Harper, a 12-year-old girl whose body was discovered in a woodlot near Clinton in 1959. Though Munro later learned that Fremlin had been elsewhere, the fact remains: She thought he had it in him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Whatever thoughts she<\/strong>&nbsp;entertained, Munro never acted on them. Instead, they were sublimated in her fiction. Like Bea in \u201cVandals,\u201d she was unable to become someone \u201cfirm and serious, a hard-and-fast, clean-sweeping sort of woman.\u201d When Andrea first read the story, around the time that it came out, and later saw the title of the book it was collected in \u2014 \u201cOpen Secrets\u201d (1994) \u2014 she felt briefly hopeful that her mother had begun to reckon with what happened. \u201cI thought it was perhaps a route to more truth-telling, a step,\u201d she told me. When this proved not to be the case, she came to feel her mother\u2019s fiction was something like the reverse, a way of sustaining a life built on lies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a Substack essay this summer, the novelist and critic Mary Gaitskill, who has written of her own experience of sexual abuse, posited that Munro composed \u201cVandals\u201d as a \u201ckind of alternate-reality healing, and not just for herself. Sometimes the inability to deal with a real situation turbocharges the need to deal with it in some other way, which can drive the making of art that is gloriously transpersonal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like so many of Munro\u2019s stories, \u201cVandals\u201d seems to give us back our lives more abundantly by naming the world and resensitizing our perceptions of it. Fiction is autonomous and irreducible; you can\u2019t judge it by how faithfully it sticks to \u201cwhat really happened.\u201d In fact, by granting us access to other minds, the best fiction tends to show that \u201cwhat really happened\u201d is always an unstable compound of perspectives. This summer, when I began talking to Sheila Munro, she cautioned me that trying to understand her mother\u2019s experience through her work was a dubious project. \u201cHonestly,\u201d she wrote to me, \u201cI feel the only person who could answer those questions is my mother herself, and perhaps she couldn\u2019t have, either. For me the importance of the stories is in what they say about human experience in general, specifically women\u2019s experience, rather than for what they say about my mother herself.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe complexity of things \u2014 the things within things \u2014 just seems to be endless,\u201d Munro once said. It is a fine artistic credo. In the context of the recent revelations, it also has the feeling of an alibi. By \u201cdisguising\u201d herself as Bea, who is not Liza\u2019s real mother and therefore bears a lesser duty to protect her, Munro seems to perform what Gaitskill calls \u201ca genteel elision of reality.\u201d That\u2019s not to say the story would necessarily have been better, or even more \u201ctruthful,\u201d had Munro stuck more closely to the facts, but it does sharpen our awareness of how often in her work she seems to massage or euphemize an intolerable reality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLabor Day Dinner,\u201d from 1981, is a vivid case in point. Roberta, another of Munro\u2019s embattled divorc\u00e9es, has recently moved in with George, a retired high school teacher who is busily renovating an old farmhouse. Roberta\u2019s two daughters \u2014 Angela, 17, and Eva, 12 \u2014 are visiting for the summer; they spend the rest of the year with their father up north. This domestic setup is tense and provisional. George makes barbed remarks about Roberta\u2019s appearance, which leave her weeping behind sunglasses. She senses that he sees her daughters as spoiled freeloaders, refusing to help out around the house and garden. The girls, meanwhile, are wary of George, who is trigger-happy with belittling jokes. They are also grieved by his effect on their mother. \u201cI have seen her change,\u201d Angela confides to her diary (which Roberta has read), \u201cfrom a person I deeply respected into a person on the verge of being a nervous wreck. If this is love I want no part of it. He wants to enslave her and us all and she walks a tightrope trying to keep him from getting mad.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">In her fictional world, Munro exercised total authority.<\/h2>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>The story, you sense, walks its own tightrope between blindness and insight. It was written at a time when Munro must have known she was married to a pedophile but apparently still clung to the belief that he hadn\u2019t harmed her own daughters. It is remarkable to witness her at once planting and defusing this incendiary possibility. \u201cShe has been afraid, sometimes, that George would hurt her children, not physically but by some turnabout, some revelation of dislike, that they could never forget,\u201d Roberta thinks. Angela, the teenager, who is \u201ctall and fair-haired, and embarrassed by her recently acquired beauty,\u201d spars with George flirtatiously, but Roberta feels she is not the one in most danger. It is 12-year-old Eva, \u201cwith her claims of understanding, her hopes of all-round conciliation, who could be smashed and stranded.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding and conciliation are what the story ultimately deliver. When the narrative moves into George\u2019s consciousness, he is forgivingly humanized. We see that his frustration with Angela and Eva is really a frustration with their mother. He dislikes what he sees as her parental absenteeism, the way that she permits them to laze around the house all day. His critique of Roberta\u2019s mothering is rooted in a kind of fatherly concern. For all their quarreling, they are essentially aligned. \u201cHe wants to go and find Roberta and envelop her, assure her \u2014 assure himself \u2014 that no real damage has been done.\u201d The story ends with the couple reconciled, at least for the time being, and Roberta\u2019s daughters unharmed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like \u201cVandals,\u201d \u201cLabor Day Dinner\u201d is an autonomous work of art. Yet it also feels like a desperate piece of wish fulfillment. How badly Munro must have wanted to believe that her partner was basically normal and decent. \u201cNo, it wasn\u2019t a mistake,\u201d Roberta tells herself, musing on her divorce, in a passage that echoes Munro\u2019s words about Fremlin in 1975: \u201cLuck exists, so does love, and I was right to go after it.\u201d In her fictional world, where she exercised total authority, it was possible to construct a version of events that supported this conviction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But Munro, it seems, was wise to her escapist tendencies. The uses and abuses of narrative come in for special scrutiny in her work. In \u201cMaterial,\u201d from 1974, the middle-aged narrator discovers a short story by her ex-husband, Hugo, a well-known writer. It describes an episode from the early years of their marriage when Hugo vindictively flooded the apartment of their downstairs neighbor, a low-rent prostitute named Dotty. The narrator has every reason to dislike the story, and yet she can\u2019t help acknowledging its brilliance. \u201cThere is Dotty, lifted out of life and held in light, suspended in the marvelous clear jelly that Hugo has spent all his life learning how to make. It is an act of magic, there is no getting around it; it is an act, you might say, of a special, unsparing, unsentimental love.\u201d She thinks about sending him an admiring letter, but when she sits down to write it, she suddenly sees the story differently, as somehow beside the point.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMaterial,\u201d in other words, concerns an exquisite work of art that nonetheless feels hopelessly inadequate to the lived reality behind it. The story doesn\u2019t just expose how someone who makes beautiful things may also be capable of unfathomable cruelty \u2014 a platitude at this point. More subtly, it shows how an artistic sensibility, a disposition to see other people as grist for transformation, can give rise to a frigid disengagement. The narrator, who isn\u2019t herself an artist, displays something of the artist\u2019s coldness when she uses Dotty, who has lost her husband and is just barely scraping by, as anecdote fodder, a way of getting laughs from her sophisticated friends. (When she gets to know Dotty better, the narrator tellingly finds that she becomes \u201cless likely to store up and repeat what she said.\u201d) The difference between this sort of storytelling and the more elaborate, socially valorized sort that her ex-husband goes in for, Munro delicately implies, is not as profound as it seems. However finely wrought, Hugo\u2019s story has done nothing to atone for his hurtful deed. \u201cThis isn\u2019t enough, Hugo,\u201d the narrator finds herself writing in a fit of anger. \u201cYou think it is, but it isn\u2019t.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Perhaps the truly<\/strong>&nbsp;shocking thing about Munro\u2019s decision to remain with Fremlin is that it wasn\u2019t shocking at all. In her pioneering study, \u201cFather-Daughter Incest\u201d (1981), the American psychiatrist Judith Lewis Herman spoke to 40 women who were sexually abused by their fathers or stepfathers. \u201cThose daughters who did confide in their mothers were uniformly disappointed in their mother\u2019s responses,\u201d Herman writes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cMost of the mothers, even when made aware of the situation, were unwilling or unable to defend their daughters. They were too frightened or too dependent upon their husbands to risk a confrontation. Either they refused to believe their daughters, or they believed them but took no action. They made it clear to their daughters that their fathers came first and that, if necessary, the daughters would have to be sacrificed.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Only three of the mothers decided to leave their abusive husbands, though in each case the women soon returned. They found life without them \u201ctoo hard to bear.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Margaret Atwood sees Munro\u2019s decision to return to Fremlin as a matter of dependency. She had a \u201cgeneral inability to function on a practical level\u201d without him, Atwood said. Sheila Munro disagrees. \u201cIt wasn\u2019t because she couldn\u2019t look after herself,\u201d she told me. \u201cIt was because she was so deeply entwined in this very volatile relationship.\u201d Stressing that she had no desire to make excuses for her mother, Sheila said she believes that Fremlin groomed Munro along with Andrea, citing the way Munro came to see her as a sexual rival. \u201cThat\u2019s straight out of the abuser\u2019s playbook,\u201d Herman said recently when I described Sheila\u2019s theory to her. \u201cSeeing how even someone as gifted as Munro was vulnerable to this kind of coercive control is instructive.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/static01.nyt.com\/images\/2024\/12\/15\/magazine\/15mag-munro\/15mag-munro-articleLarge.jpg?quality=75&amp;auto=webp&amp;disable=upscale\" alt=\"A black-and-white portrait of Alice Munro.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Munro at her home in Clinton, Ontario, in June 2023.Credit&#8230;Ian Willms for The New York Times<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>In a letter to Virginia Barber from June 1992, Munro reports that, after she fled their home in Clinton, Fremlin joined her at their Vancouver Island condo. The two of them were in couples therapy, she said, \u201cand progress (as they call it) is being made.\u201d At the time of writing, Munro was laid up with laryngitis. \u201cI\u2019ve almost welcomed being sick because it dulls things \u2026 but the dips aren\u2019t so bad or so deep now,\u201d she wrote, expanding on her fragile state of mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe very bad and surprising thing was how things you\u2019d expect to be eternally comforting \u2014 I mean the beauty of the world and poetry and stuff \u2014&nbsp;<em>hurt worst&nbsp;<\/em>\u2014 and what a great boon tabloids turned out to be. Coffee held its own but booze is another fair-weather friend [\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gerry is doing really well when you consider what a reversal and loss this had to be. Andrea\u2019s okay, but doesn\u2019t want to be in touch with me now G. is here. We\u2019ll see \u2014 it\u2019s still so raw. You never come out with the mended teapot looking like new and I guess you\u2019re lucky if it holds the tea. (See how Ms. M. clings to the comfy domestic images.) [\u2026]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I feel very weirdly free in a way. For so long I\u2019ve felt oddly apologetic or strange with people, and now I feel I know what the trouble was. Do I? Odd.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What kind of \u201closs\u201d Munro is referring to is hard to discern (a loss of dignity or status?), but the letter makes her priorities plain: Fremlin came first, Andrea second. Munro said as much to Andrea. \u201cShe said that she had been \u2018told too late,\u2019\u201d Andrea wrote in The Star. \u201cShe loved him too much and that our misogynistic culture was to blame if I expected her to deny her own needs, sacrifice for her children and make up for the failings of men.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Six months later, Munro and Fremlin made another trip to their condo, where, she wrote to Barber, they had \u201clots of practical problems to take our mind off large griefs.\u201d One day, she visited Victoria, a two-and-a-half-hour drive, \u201cknowing I would not see Andrea \u2014 I cannot request this, though we are in touch by letter; it\u2019s up to her \u2014 and hoping I wouldn\u2019t do something awful and pathetic, like hanging around on her street. I didn\u2019t.\u201d By that point, she and Fremlin had abandoned therapy, which Sheila recalls they struggled to take seriously. \u201cThey made a joke out of it,\u201d she told me. \u201cGerry could be so captivating and amusing that the therapist was brought into the joke as well.\u201d They remained a cult of two. \u201cShe was not interested in therapy or self-improvement, in making amends,\u201d Sheila said. \u201cShe just used her experience in her art.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This was as true at the end of her career as it was at the start. The stories Munro wrote after Andrea cut off contact, in 2002, are rife with the pain of estrangement. In \u201cRunaway,\u201d published in The New Yorker in 2003, the young protagonist, Carla, has broken all ties to her haute bourgeois family after marrying an older man named Clark, whose rough charisma it had once seemed \u201cboth proper and exquisite\u201d to submit to. Three years in, his charisma has evaporated, and he stands revealed as a sour domestic tyrant, who rules her with his moods. To sustain their fraying sexual bond, she becomes a kind of Scheherazade, inventing stories about an elderly neighbor who she claims molested her in the months before his death. The stories, which Clark takes to be true, do the trick of arousing them both, and their marriage is extended one evening at a time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The problem comes when Clark insists that she blackmail the man\u2019s widow with this fabricated dirt. Afraid to defy him but unwilling to go through with it, Carla ends up confiding in the widow how unhappy she is with Clark. The older woman talks her into leaving him. The same day, Carla boards a bus to Toronto, within touching distance of a new life, when she realizes that it would have no meaning without Clark \u201cinfecting her with misery.\u201d She goes back to him, only to discover, a short while later, that he has killed her pet goat, a kind of surrogate child, in an apparent act of vengeance. Unable to accept this reality and what it means for their marriage, Carla wills herself into a state of denial, which is where the story leaves her.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You wonder what Fremlin made of \u201cRunaway\u201d and of the other stories about trapped women that Munro produced in her final years of creativity. Were her efforts to portray him as a kind of savior figure in the interviews she gave around this time a form of compensation for the less flattering picture she was painting in her fiction? Or was this double bookkeeping an expression of the same denial that the character Carla \u2014 a portrait of the artist as a desperate mythomaniac \u2014 embraces at the end of the story? Whatever the answer, Munro\u2019s relationship with Fremlin enabled her to do her greatest work \u2014 indeed, some of the greatest work ever done in the short story form. That so much of that work now reads like an indictment of the relationship is a bitter paradox. Nabokov said he felt the \u201cinitial shiver\u201d of \u201cLolita\u201d after reading a newspaper story about an ape \u201cwho, after months of coaxing by a scientist, produced the first drawing ever charcoaled by an animal: this sketch showed the bars of the poor creature\u2019s cage.\u201d It appears that this was Munro\u2019s subject, too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Andrea has not<\/strong>&nbsp;read \u201cRunaway,\u201d but when I described the story to her and its depiction of a woman who fears that she would \u201cnot exist\u201d without her stifling husband, she confessed to feeling a tremor of sympathy. \u201cI think she was so scared that she actually wouldn\u2019t exist without him,\u201d she said of her mother\u2019s relationship with Fremlin. At the same time, Andrea stressed that she does not forgive her mother and is indifferent to her legacy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For years after Fremlin\u2019s conviction, Andrea was estranged from her siblings. They were ultimately reunited with the help of the Gatehouse, a Toronto-based organization that supports survivors of childhood sexual abuse. In 2014, Jenny, Sheila and Andrew, their stepbrother, went there seeking guidance on how to reconcile with Andrea. \u201cSo ingrained was the silence around the story of her abuse that this was the first time the three of us had spoken about it,\u201d Andrew wrote in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thestar.com\/opinion\/contributors\/andrea-skinner-my-stepsister-told-me-what-happened-to-her-nearly-50-years-ago-this\/article_63ebd1de-4092-11ef-b6b9-8b2011bc8af8.html\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">his own essay for The Star<\/a>, also published this summer. Each of the siblings wrote Andrea a letter, and their relationships were slowly rekindled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today Andrea is a regular volunteer at the Gatehouse, where she leads self-care groups. Her essay has been widely celebrated for raising awareness about childhood sexual abuse, which she now sees as her guiding mission. Many people have compared the episode to an Alice Munro story, but unlike the characters in her mother\u2019s work, Andrea spoke up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em><strong>Giles Harvey<\/strong>&nbsp;is a contributing writer for the magazine who often profiles novelists and film directors.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Back to News Child safety advocates demonstrated at the Apple Store this month in New York\u2019s Grand Central Terminal.Credit&#8230;Jeenah Moon for The New York Times Once again, agruably the most important investigative journalist in the world, Michael H. Keller, has, with all due credit to The New York Times, made it impossible for you to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001004,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[55,54],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1001004"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=15855"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15855\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17266,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15855\/revisions\/17266"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=15855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=15855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=15855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}