WASHINGTON \u2014 The United States and European allies launched airstrikes on Friday night against Syrian research, storage and military targets as President Trump sought to punish President Bashar al-Assad for a suspected chemical attack<\/a> near Damascus last weekend that killed more than 40 people.<\/p>\n Britain and France joined the United States in the strikes in a coordinated operation that was intended to show Western resolve in the face of what the leaders of the three nations called persistent violations of international law. Mr. Trump characterized it as the beginning of a sustained effort to force Mr. Assad to stop using banned weapons, but only ordered a limited, one-night operation that hit three targets.<\/p>\n \u201cThese are not the actions of a man,\u201d Mr. Trump said of last weekend\u2019s attack in a televised address from the White House Diplomatic Room. \u201cThey are crimes of a monster instead.\u201d<\/p>\n Shortly after the attack, the Syrian presidency posted on Twitter<\/a>, \u201cHonorable souls cannot be humiliated.\u201d<\/p>\n The strikes risked pulling the United States deeper into the complex, multisided war in Syria<\/a> and raised the possibility of confrontation with Russia and Iran, both of which were supporting Mr. Assad with military forces. Within 90 minutes, the Russian ambassador to the United States warned of \u201cconsequences\u201d for the allied attacks.<\/p>\n While Mr. Trump vowed as recently as last week to pull American troops out of Syria, he said he would remain committed to the goal of preventing further chemical attacks.<\/p>\n \u201cWe are prepared to sustain this response until the Syrian regime stops its use of prohibited chemical agents,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n [Read the full text of President Trump\u2019s address \u00bb<\/a>]<\/em><\/p>\n But Defense Secretary Jim Mattis, who had urged caution in White House deliberations leading up to the strike, told reporters on Friday night that there were no more attacks planned unless Mr. Assad again uses gas on his own people.<\/p>\n \u201cWe confined it to the chemical weapons-type targets,\u201d Mr. Mattis said. \u201cWe were not out to expand this; we were very precise and proportionate. But at the same time, it was a heavy strike.\u201d<\/p>\n The assault was twice the size and hit two more targets than a strike that Mr. Trump ordered last year against a Syrian military airfield. Launched from warplanes and naval destroyers, the burst of missiles and bombs struck Syria shortly after 4 a.m. local time on Saturday.<\/p>\n They hit three of Mr. Assad\u2019s chemical weapons facilities: a scientific research center in greater Damascus that was used in the production of weapons, and two chemical weapons facilities west of Homs, one of which was used for the production of the nerve agent sarin and the other was part of a military command post, said Gen. Joseph F. Dunford Jr., the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.<\/p>\n Residents of Damascus, the capital, woke to the sounds of multiple explosions shaking the city before the dawn call to prayer.<\/p>\n Syrian state television said government air defense systems were responding to \u201cthe American aggression\u201d and aired video of missiles being fired into a night sky. It reported that 13 missiles had been shot down by Syrian air defenses near Al-Kiswa, a town south of Damascus. American officials said they could not yet confirm that.<\/p>\n Mr. Trump called on Syria\u2019s patrons in Russia and Iran to force Mr. Assad to halt the use of poison gas in the seven-year-old civil war that has wracked his country.<\/p>\n \u201cTo Iran and to Russia I ask: What kind of a nation wants to be associated with the mass murder of innocent men, women and children?\u201d he said. \u201cThe nations of the world can be judged by the friends they keep. No nation can succeed in the long run by promoting rogue states, brutal tyrants and murderous dictators.\u201d<\/p>\n Russia responded with sharp words. \u201cWe warned that such actions will not be left without consequences,\u201d Anatoly Antonov, the ambassador to the United States, said in a statement. \u201cAll responsibility for them rests with Washington, London and Paris.\u201d<\/p>\n Taking umbrage at Mr. Trump accusing President Vladimir V. Putin in his speech of not living up to a promise to disarm Syria of its chemical weapons, Mr. Antonov added, \u201cInsulting the president of Russia is unacceptable and inadmissible.\u201d<\/p>\n In choosing to strike, it appeared that Mr. Trump\u2019s desire to punish Mr. Assad for what he called a \u201cbarbaric act\u201d \u2014 and to make good on his tweets promising action this week \u2014 outweighed his desire to limit the American military involvement in the conflict, at least in the short term.<\/p>\n The strikes marked the second time that Mr. Trump has attacked Syria to punish the government after it was accused of using chemical weapons. The White House had sought to create a response that would be more robust than the attack in April 2017, when the United States fired 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles<\/a> at a Syrian air base that was back in use a day later.<\/p>\n Unlike last year, France and Britain joined the United States in retaliating for the suspected chemical attack last Saturday in the town of Douma<\/a>, outside Damascus, but Germany refused to take part, even though Chancellor Angela Merkel called the use of chemical weapons \u201cunacceptable.\u201d<\/p>\n Prime Minister Theresa May of Britain said Syria had left the allies no choice. \u201cThis persistent pattern of behavior must be stopped \u2014 not just to protect innocent people in Syria from the horrific deaths and casualties caused by chemical weapons, but also because we cannot allow the erosion of the international norm that prevents the use of these weapons,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n But she also emphasized the limits of the operation\u2019s goals, reflecting the reluctance in London as well as Washington to become too immersed in the fratricidal war in Syria.<\/p>\n \u201cThis is not about intervening in a civil war,\u201d she said. \u201cIt is not about regime change. It is about a limited and targeted strike that does not further escalate tensions in the region and that does everything possible to prevent civilian casualties.\u201d<\/p>\n Defense officials said that Tomahawk cruise missiles were launched from at least three American warships, while B-1 bombers dropped long-range missiles on targets. French and British warplanes also fired long-range missiles, while a British submarine launched cruise missiles.<\/p>\n Early reaction to the strikes from Capitol Hill appeared to break down along party lines, with Republicans expressing support for the president and Democrats questioning whether Mr. Trump has a well-thought-out strategy for what happens after the military action is over.<\/p>\n \u201cPresident Trump\u2019s decision to launch airstrikes against the Syrian government without Congress\u2019s approval is illegal and \u2014 absent a broader strategy \u2014 it\u2019s reckless,\u201d said Senator Tim Kaine, Democrat of Virginia, who has long argued that presidents should request permission from Congress before taking military action.<\/p>\n Representative Nancy Pelosi of California, the House Democratic leader, said that \u201cone night of airstrikes is not a substitute for a clear, comprehensive Syria strategy.\u201d<\/p>\n Representative Steve Scalise of Louisiana, the House Republican majority whip, wrote in a statement: \u201cPresident Trump is right to assert that the Assad regime\u2019s evil acts cannot go unanswered.\u201d<\/p>\n A fact-finding mission from the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons was to begin investigating the episode on Saturday in Douma, which had been held by rebels before the suspected attack. The mission\u2019s job was only to determine whether chemical weapons had been used, not who had used them.<\/p>\n Medical and rescue groups have reported that the Syrian military dropped bombs that released chemical substances during an offensive to take the town. A New York Times review<\/a> of videos of the attack\u2019s aftermath, and interviews with residents and medical workers, suggested that Syrian government helicopters dropped canisters giving off some sort of chemical compound that suffocated at least 43 people.<\/p>\n At the United Nations, Nikki R. Haley, the American ambassador to the world body, accused the Syrian government<\/a> of using banned chemical arms at least 50 times since the country\u2019s civil war began in 2011. State Department officials said the United States was still trying to identify the chemical used on April 7.<\/p>\n Leaders in Syria, Iran and Russia denied that government forces had used chemical weapons, and accused rescue workers and the rebels who had controlled Douma of fabricating the videos to win international sympathy.<\/p>\n On Friday, Maj. Gen. Igor Konashenkov, a spokesman for the Russian Defense Ministry, said images of victims of the purported attack had been staged with \u201cBritain\u2019s direct involvement.\u201d He provided no evidence.<\/p>\n Karen Pierce, Britain\u2019s ambassador to the United Nations, called those allegations \u201cbizarre\u201d and \u201ca blatant lie.\u201d<\/p>\n Mr. Mattis had sought to slow down the march to military action as allies compiled evidence of Mr. Assad\u2019s role that would assure the world the strikes were warranted. Mr. Mattis also raised concerns that a concerted bombing campaign could escalate into a wider conflict between Russia, Iran and the West.<\/p>\n Before the strikes, the United States had mostly stopped aiding Syria\u2019s rebels, like those who were in Douma, who want to topple Mr. Assad\u2019s government. The Pentagon\u2019s most recent efforts in Syria have focused on the fight against Islamic State militants in the country\u2019s east, where it has partnered with a Kurdish-led militia to battle the jihadists. It is the roughly 2,000 American troops there that Mr. Trump has said he wants to bring home.<\/p>\n In his televised address on Friday night, Mr. Trump sought to repeat his desire to disentangle the United States from the Middle East at some point. \u201cIt\u2019s a troubled place,\u201d he said. \u201cWe will try to make it better, but it is a troubled place. The United States will be a partner and a friend, but the fate of the region lies in the hands of its own people.\u201d<\/p>\n Russian forces and Iranian-backed militias also are deployed around Syria to help fight the rebellion \u2014 including the Islamic State and other extremist groups \u2014 that has surged against Mr. Assad since the conflict started.<\/p>\n Last year\u2019s American attack on Syria came after a chemical attack on the village of Khan Sheikhoun killed scores of people. Mr. Trump ordered a cruise missile strike against the Al Shayrat airfield in central Syria, where the attack had originated. The base was damaged, but Syrian warplanes were again taking off from there a day later.<\/p>\n Still, the response set Mr. Trump apart from President Barack Obama, who declined to respond with military force after a chemical weapons attack in August 2013 killed hundreds of people<\/a> near Damascus, even though Mr. Obama had earlier declared the use of such weapons a \u201cred line.\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n Mr. Obama ultimately backed off a military strike and reached an agreement with Russia to remove Syria\u2019s chemical weapons arsenal. That agreement was said to have been carried out, although a series of reported chemical attacks since have raised doubts about its effectiveness.<\/p>\n