{"id":9024,"date":"2020-01-15T03:41:29","date_gmt":"2020-01-15T11:41:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=9024"},"modified":"2020-01-15T03:41:29","modified_gmt":"2020-01-15T11:41:29","slug":"tightrope-americans-reaching-for-hope-by-nicholas-d-kristof-and-sheryl-wudunn-an-excerpt-the-new-york-times","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=9024","title":{"rendered":"“\u2018Tightrope: Americans Reaching for Hope,\u2019 by Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn: An Excerpt”, The New York Times"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nicholas D. Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, Books, January 13, 2020<\/p>\n

Is this land made for you and me?<\/em><\/p>\n

\u2014Woody Guthrie<\/p>\n

1: The Kids on the Number 6 School Bus<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
\n
\n

Dee Knapp was asleep when her husband, Gary, stumbled drunkenly into their white frame house after a night out drinking. Bracing for trouble, Dee jumped up and ran to the kitchen.<\/p>\n

Gary, muscular and compact with short black hair above a long face, was a decent fellow when sober, a brute when drunk.<\/p>\n

\u201cGet me dinner!\u201d he shouted as he wobbled toward the kitchen, and Dee scrambled to turn the electric stove on and throw leftovers into a pan. But she wasn\u2019t fast enough, and he hit her with his fist. A lithe brunette in her early thirties, with shoulder-length hair and calloused hands, Dee realized that this was one of those times she was destined to be a punching bag. Devoted to her five children, she especially hated to be beaten by Gary because of the loathing for their father this engendered in them.<\/p>\n

[ Return to <\/em>the review of \u201cTightrope.\u201d<\/em><\/a> ]<\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cDinner!\u201d Gary roared again. \u201cGet me dinner!\u201d He grabbed his loaded .22 rifle and pointed it at her menacingly. She bolted past Gary and out the front door into the night.<\/p>\n

Gary\u2019s shouting had awoken the children upstairs. \u201cMom,\u201d Farlan, her eldest son, hissed from the second-floor window as she ran around the side of the house. Dee looked up and he threw down a sleeping bag. She grabbed it in midair and ran into the protective darkness of their two-and-a-half-acre property, seeking a place to spend the night hiding in the tall grass, waiting for Gary to sleep off his rage.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n

\u201cDamn that woman,\u201d Gary cursed from inside the house. Clutching his .22, he lunged out the front door, then looked wildly into the darkness. A white, wooden Pentecostal church was on one side, one of two churches serving the tiny hamlet of Cove Orchard, Oregon. Beyond the church was Highway 47, leading to the small town of Yamhill, three miles to the south. Dee was sheltering in the darkness somewhere between the church and the neighbor\u2019s fence line. Gary lifted the rifle to his shoulder and fired off a volley of shots into the field where his wife was cowering. Dee stiffened, hugging the ground.<\/p>\n

The children listened, terrified. Helpless and furious, Farlan clenched his fists and vowed to himself that someday he would kill his dad. In the field, seventy feet away, with no trees to hide behind, Dee held her breath as bullets smacked into the ground nearby. This happened from time to time, and Dee knew that her husband would soon tire of shooting into the night.<\/p>\n

Finally, Gary stumbled back into the house and ordered a sullen Farlan downstairs to cook dinner for him. Dee could hear all this from her hiding spot, for Gary didn\u2019t know how to speak softly. She gradually felt her heartbeat return to normal. She spread the sleeping bag and lay down inside it, listening to her husband\u2019s curses from the house, hoping that he wouldn\u2019t beat Farlan, praying that the other kids would stay quiet upstairs.<\/p>\n

It was another violent, tumultuous evening, but strangely Dee says that she was still buoyed by hope that day in 1973, for despite the fear and violence, she believed that in some ways life truly was getting better\u2014especially for her kids. Like her husband, Dee had been raised in a cramped household without electricity or plumbing. The youngest of ten children, she had grown up poor after her father, a construction worker, died when she was nine years old. Dee had dropped out of school in fifth grade, while Gary had had virtually no education and could barely write his name. She and Gary had started their married life as migrant farmworkers, or \u201cfruit tramps,\u201d following the harvests around California and Oregon, paid according to how many strawberries or beans they picked, living in shacks without electric light or running water. As of 1960, only one migrant worker child in five hundred completed grade school. Dee wanted better for her children, and she announced that when their kids were old enough for school, the family was going to settle down.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/div>\n
\n
\n

That\u2019s how they ended up in Cove Orchard, population fifty, in northwestern Oregon, where the grasses of the Willamette Valley merge into the forests of the Coastal Range, where fields of grass seed, golden wheat and Christmas trees, and orchards abounding with apples, cherries and hazelnuts, blanket the earth to the horizon. Gary found regular work and at one point landed a good union job laying pipe, mostly for sewer lines, earning a solid income even if he spent much of it in the bars in Yamhill and nearby Gaston. Dee had a steady job driving tractors on a hazelnut farm near Yamhill. She couldn\u2019t afford day care, so she brought along her youngest, Keylan, a toddler, and kept him on her lap as she worked.<\/p>\n

The Knapps had been able to buy their property for $2,500 in 1963, and it had the first electricity they had ever enjoyed at home in their lives. Initially, there was no running water, but Dee was handy with tools, so she bought a pipe cutter and laid down pipes to bring water into the bathroom and the kitchen sink. They also earned extra money refurbishing cars together: Gary fixing the engine, and Dee upholstering the interior.<\/p>\n

They were homeowners! They had risen from itinerant farmworkers, one of the lowest rungs on the American economic ladder, to the solid, union-fortified working class and were on a trajectory to claw their way into the middle class. Farlan in his early teens was already growing taller than his dad, perhaps a tribute to better nutrition; there was no shortage of food in the Knapp household. Dee canned beans, tomatoes, peaches, prunes and other kinds of fruit, she made her own fruit jellies, and the shelves were full. All the children\u2014Farlan, Zealan, Nathan, Rogena and Keylan\u2014were far outpacing their parents in education. It looked as if all five might graduate from high school, and maybe some would even attend college.<\/p>\n

Farlan was adept with his hands and smart, a natural engineer. Maybe he would design pipelines, not lay them. Dee invested all her hopes in her kids. Yes, she inflicted punishment by hitting them with a stick on occasion, but they all knew how much she loved them. She made sure they got schooling, and she absorbed punches and black eyes to protect them from Gary\u2019s drunken furies. In the end, she was confident they would have opportunities that she and Gary had never enjoyed.<\/p>\n

As she lay in the dark field, a bruise forming on her cheek where Gary had struck her, she was stubbornly consoled by faith in the future, by her belief that America was the land of opportunity, by the certainty that even Gary\u2019s drunkenness couldn\u2019t stop the Number 6 school bus from picking up her kids each morning and taking them to get an education at Yamhill Carlton High School, learning algebra, biology, the use of prepositions and other knowledge that no one else in her family had been exposed to. For ten generations, her forebears had struggled to scratch from the earth enough to eat, and now finally in her generation there was dizzying progress. Her kids were living their version of the American dream and inheriting a cornucopia. Electric lights. Tractors and cars. Education. Television. Medicare. Social Security. Tampons. John Denver and Johnny Carson. Vaccinations. Hot showers. Twinkies. Boom boxes. As Dee lay in her sleeping bag, this certainty sustained her: Life was getting better in spite of Gary, and her children would inherit the earth. Life in Yamhill back in the 1970s seemed to echo Curly\u2019s upbeat refrain from Oklahoma!, <\/em>when he exulted, \u201cEverything\u2019s goin\u2019 my way.\u201d<\/p>\n

Tragically, it didn\u2019t work out as hoped. The Knapps, like so many other working-class families, tumbled into unimaginable calamity.<\/p>\n

[ Return to <\/em>the review of \u201cTightrope.\u201d<\/em><\/a> ]<\/em><\/p>\n

Gary and Dee were Nick\u2019s neighbors as he grew up outside Yamhill, and the five Knapp kids rode with him each day on the Number 6 bus to Yamhill Grade School and then Yamhill Carlton High School. When Gary fired his .22 rifle into the yard at his cowering wife, the gunshots echoed to Nick\u2019s farm half a mile away. Farlan was in Nick\u2019s class in school; his siblings were younger.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n