{"id":9861,"date":"2020-05-14T09:18:41","date_gmt":"2020-05-14T16:18:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=9861"},"modified":"2020-05-14T21:04:43","modified_gmt":"2020-05-15T04:04:43","slug":"the-bailout-is-working-for-the-rich-propublica","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/?p=9861","title":{"rendered":"&#8220;The Bailout Is Working \u2014 for the Rich&#8221;, ProPublica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"byline\">by Jesse Eisinger,\u00a0<time class=\"timestamp\" datetime=\"2020-05-10EDT05:00\">May 10, 2020<\/time><\/p>\n<p class=\"dek\"><em>The economy is in free fall but Wall Street is thriving, and stocks of big private equity firms are soaring dramatically higher. That tells you who investors think is the real beneficiary of the federal government\u2019s massive rescue efforts.<\/em><\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"1.0\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"73365\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">Ten weeks into the worst crisis in 90 years, the government\u2019s effort to save the economy has been both a spectacular success and a catastrophic failure.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"1.1\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"138857\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The clearest illustration of that came on Friday, when the government reported that 20.5 million people lost their jobs in April. It marked a period of unfathomable pain across the country not seen since the Great Depression. Also on Friday, the stock market rallied.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"1.2\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"139069\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The S&amp;P 500 is now up 30% from its lows in mid-March and back to where it was last October, when the outlook for 2020 corporate earnings looked sunshiny. Companies have sold <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/global-bonds-idCNL8N2CN7L8\">record amounts of debt<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/global-bonds-idCNL8N2CN7L8\">in recent weeks for investment-grade<\/a> companies. Junk bonds, historically dodgy during an economic swoon, have roared back.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"1.3\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"139217\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">If you\u2019re looking for investors\u2019 verdict on who has won the bailout, consider these returns: Shares of Apollo Group, the giant private equity firm, have soared 80% from their lows. The stock of Blackstone, another private equity behemoth, has risen 50%.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"1.4\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140053\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The reason: Asset holders like Apollo and Blackstone \u2014 disproportionately the wealthiest and most influential \u2014 have been insured by the world\u2019s most powerful central bank. This largess is boundless and without conditions. \u201cEven if a second wave of outbreaks were to occur,\u201d JPMorgan economists wrote in a celebratory note on Friday, \u201cthe Fed has explicitly indicated that there is no dollar limit and no danger of running out of ammunition.\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"1.4\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140053\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">Many aspects of the coronavirus bailout that assist individuals or small businesses, meanwhile, are short-term or contingent. Aid to small businesses comes with conditions on what they can do with the money. The sums allocated by the CARES Act for stimulus and expanded unemployment insurance are vast by historical standards. But the relief they provide didn\u2019t prevent tens of millions from losing their jobs. The assistance runs out in weeks, and the jobless live at the mercy of a divided Congress, which will decide whether that help gets extended and, if so, for how long.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"ad-300\">\n<div id=\"htlad-2\" class=\"inner htl-ad htl-size-300x600 undefined\" data-unit=\"Desktop_Medrec_3\" data-sizes=\"0x0:|960x0:1x1,300x250,300x600\" data-prebid=\"0x0:|960x0:Desktop_Medrec_3\" data-refresh=\"viewable\" data-refresh-secs=\"60\">It\u2019s a bailout of capital. \u201cIf the theory is: Let\u2019s make sure companies are solvent and the workers will be OK, that theory could work. But it\u2019s a trickle-down theory,\u201d said Lev Menand, a former New York Fed economist who now teaches at Columbia Law School.<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"5.1\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140353\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">We do know one thing, he said: \u201cIt worked for asset holders.\u201d<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"5.2\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140441\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The Fed\u2019s efforts, universally praised for their boldness and speed, have come in two stages. First, in February and March, the central bank shored up capital market \u201cliquidity,\u201d which marks how willing investors are to buy and sell. The central bank role is to be a \u201clender of last resort,\u201d working through banks so they can get money to companies and people.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"5.3\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140544\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">That expanded in the wake of the 2008 global financial crisis. The Federal Reserve, historically viewed as reserved Brahmins who controlled the money supply, stepped into a new job: \u201cthe dealer of last resort,\u201d in the words of economist Perry Mehrling. The Fed bought assets and it bailed out the shadow banking system. \u201cShadow banking\u201d takes many forms and can mean many things, but generally it describes activities that look like classic banking \u2014 taking in deposits and lending out that money \u2014 that are undertaken by, for example, a private-equity fund or another institution outside the traditional system of federally insured deposits.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"5.4\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140641\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The beneficiaries of this Federal Reserve help in 2008 were money market funds, and short-term lending markets for corporations and financial institutions such as the commercial paper and repurchase agreement markets \u2014 all of which had seized up and stopped functioning. Then this year, the Fed came to the rescue of these markets again, doing \u201csuch a great job with this that everyone has forgotten this has happened,\u201d Menand said.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"promo small left\" data-pp-id=\"6\" data-pp-blocktype=\"promo\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140842\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">\n<h3 class=\"aside-head\">Read More<\/h3>\n<div class=\"story-entry section-articles\">\n<div class=\"lead-art\"><a class=\"aspect-3-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/im-an-investigative-journalist-these-are-the-questions-i-asked-about-the-viral-plandemic-video\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo400w\/20200508-plandemic-3x2.jpg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1720px) 335px, (min-width: 960px) calc(18.38vw + 23px), (min-width: 780px) 18.75vw, (min-width: 600px) 27.5vw, 43.21vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo400w\/20200508-plandemic-3x2.jpg 400w, https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo800w\/20200508-plandemic-3x2.jpg 800w, https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo1200w\/20200508-plandemic-3x2.jpg 1200w\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<div class=\"description\">\n<h4 class=\"hed\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/im-an-investigative-journalist-these-are-the-questions-i-asked-about-the-viral-plandemic-video\">I\u2019m an Investigative Journalist. These Are the Questions I Asked About the Viral \u201cPlandemic\u201d Video.<\/a><\/h4>\n<p class=\"dek\">ProPublica health care reporter Marshall Allen describes the questions he asks to assess coronavirus misinformation, starting with a viral video that claims the coronavirus is part of a \u201chidden agenda.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"7.0\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140694\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">Those Fed moves were necessary. But they should not be consigned to the memory hole.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"7.1\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140843\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">Everyone learned in 2008 that those corners of the markets were vulnerable, but the lessons didn\u2019t stick, apparently. The government tried to install new rules governing different pockets of these markets in piecemeal fashion; financial interests bitterly opposed much of that new regulation. And now, just a short 12 years later, the Fed had to step in to protect these markets and interests once again.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"7.2\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"140965\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The second stage of the Fed\u2019s extraordinary rescue goes beyond liquidity. It has said it will buy assets it has never bought before. For almost 100 years, the Fed purchased only government bonds. Now it has announced a wide variety of programs to buy various forms of corporate and other debt, either by direct lending, by buying bonds, or buying loans.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"7.3\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141010\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The mere announcement that the Fed would do this had an immediate effect, spurring the boom in corporate borrowing.<\/p>\n<aside class=\"ad-300\">\n<div id=\"htlad-4\" class=\"inner htl-ad htl-size-300x600 undefined\" data-unit=\"Desktop_Medrec_3\" data-sizes=\"0x0:|960x0:1x1,300x250,300x600\" data-prebid=\"0x0:|960x0:Desktop_Medrec_3\" data-refresh=\"viewable\" data-refresh-secs=\"60\">The Fed didn\u2019t stop with the most solid, safest corporate stalwarts. In early April, it also announced something unprecedented. The central bank said it would <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-04-09\/fed-unleashes-fresh-steps-for-as-much-as-2-3-trillion-in-aid\">buy junk bonds<\/a>, debt issued by fragile companies, many of which already have crushing debt loads. Sure enough, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wsj.com\/articles\/junk-bonds-bounce-back-raising-hopesand-concerns-11588066201\">junk bonds<\/a> roared back and their cousins, leveraged loans, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/news\/articles\/2020-05-06\/bofa-led-group-prepares-largest-leveraged-loan-sale-since-virus\">revived<\/a>.<\/div>\n<\/aside>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"9.1\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141158\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">In doing so, the Fed backstopped the riskiest markets in the world. The most dangerous investments in the world, it should go without saying, are not owned by middle- and working-class Americans, to whom every politician pledges fealty. No, they are owned by the most risk-seeking investors in the world, the ones that need the highest returns: private equity firms and hedge funds.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"9.2\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141258\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">But wait, there\u2019s more. The riskiest markets only got more so during the long boom era of the last decade. In the past several years, regulators \u2014 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/article\/us-yellen-distressed\/yellen-warns-of-corporate-distress-economic-fallout-idUSKCN1QG2CZ\">especially the former chair of the Federal Reserve, Janet Yellen<\/a> \u2014 repeatedly worried that companies had too much debt. They were concerned how lenders had raced to ease conditions, or covenants, on their loans to elbow out their competitors to fork over money, just as they had in the run-up to 2008. At a moment of record profits, the ratio of corporate debt to earnings steadily rose, while corporate stock buybacks hit records. Those cautions were treated like a parental exhortation to their kids to get off TikTok and brush their teeth.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"9.3\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141357\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">Yet after all that worry, the Fed then stepped in to save the wealthiest speculators. The mere word that the Fed will make some purchases in this market has swelled these investors\u2019 net worth. Meanwhile, images of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2020\/04\/30\/nyregion\/coronavirus-nj-hunger.html\">mile-long food lines<\/a> have become common.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"image large left\" data-pp-id=\"10\" data-pp-blocktype=\"image\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141511\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo400w\/GettyImages-1212168407.jpg\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1720px) 826px, (min-width: 780px) calc(46.09vw + 43px), (min-width: 600px) 59.38vw, 93.21vw\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo400w\/GettyImages-1212168407.jpg 400w, https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo800w\/GettyImages-1212168407.jpg 800w, https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo1600w\/GettyImages-1212168407.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/assets-c3.propublica.org\/images\/articles\/_threeTwo2000w\/GettyImages-1212168407.jpg 2000w\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"267\" \/><figcaption>Cars lined up on Thursday to receive food assistance from the Second Harvest Food Bank of Central Florida in Orlando, Florida. <span class=\"credit\">(Paul Hennessy\/Echoes Wire\/Barcroft Media via Getty Images)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"11.0\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141811\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">In some ways, it\u2019s unfair to blame the Fed. The speed of its actions and its ability to deploy groundbreaking new approaches mask the paucity of its tools. It must work through the capital markets. And only through credit, at that. The Fed has no ability to help regular people directly. \u201cIt\u2019s really ill-suited to get money to where it\u2019s most needed and on terms that are the most appropriate,\u201d said Kate Judge, a Columbia law professor and expert in the Federal Reserve.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"11.1\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141825\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">The House and Senate have much greater powers, the power of the purse and of legislation. Congress could have passed laws that directed help in different ways. Europe has essentially nationalized payrolls, a much more direct form of aid to people who have lost the ability to work. But Congress has been reluctant to use sufficient fiscal measures going back to the 2008 rescue.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"11.2\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"141972\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">What happens if the economy doesn\u2019t come back soon? The Fed\u2019s saddle-\u02bcem-with-more-debt approach is premised on a sharp and rapid recovery. The virus burns itself out, people go back to work, they buy and sell, and everything snaps back. Companies pay back their loans, and all is forgiven and forgotten.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"11.3\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"142026\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\">If the health crisis does not pass quickly, or if the economy does not roar back, the Fed\u2019s actions might prove inadequate. But investors shouldn\u2019t be too worried. They have been taught they can count on the government.<\/p>\n<p data-pp-blocktype=\"copy\" data-pp-id=\"11.4\" data-gtm-vis-first-on-screen-452638_192=\"142076\" data-gtm-vis-total-visible-time-452638_192=\"100\" data-gtm-vis-has-fired-452638_192=\"1\"><em>Do you have access to information about corporate, financial or governmental malfeasance during the pandemic? Email <a href=\"mailto:jesse.eisinger@propublica.org\">jesse.eisinger@propublica.org<\/a> or reach him on Signal at 718-496-5233. Here\u2019s how to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/how-to-leak-to-propublica\">send tips and documents<\/a> to ProPublica securely.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/the-bailout-is-working-for-the-rich\">ProPublica<\/a><\/p>\n<p>(ProPublica is a nonprofit newsroom that investigates abuses of power. Sign up to receive <a href=\"https:\/\/go.propublica.org\/big-story-2019\">our biggest stories<\/a> as soon as they\u2019re published.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Jesse Eisinger,\u00a0May 10, 2020 The economy is in free fall but Wall Street is thriving, and stocks of big private equity firms are soaring dramatically higher. That tells you who investors think is the real beneficiary of the federal government\u2019s massive rescue efforts. Ten weeks into the worst crisis in 90 years, the government\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1001004,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9861"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1001004"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9861"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9861\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9867,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9861\/revisions\/9867"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9861"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9861"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/worldcampaign.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9861"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}